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- Author or Editor: A. Tawfik x
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Thin CdSe films were prepared under vacuum at different glass substrate temperatures. The effects of substrate heating and temperature on the X-ray diffraction patterns, electrical, DC current-voltage characteristics and photovoltaic properties were investigated in detail. the results obtained were interpreted mathematically, which led to a hopping conduction mechanism. Valuable semiconducting parameters were evaluated for the thin films investigated, for their useful application in photovoltaic or solar cell industries: surface charge density (4.8×1012 cm−2), thickness of depletion layer (7.4×10−7 cm) and donor concentration (6.5×1018cm−3).
A series of samples of the system Ni0.65Zn0.35CuxFe2−xO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6) are prepared by the usual ceramic technique. X-ray analysis shows that they are cubic spinel (single phase). The lattice parameter, theoretical density (D x), bulk density (D) and the porosity (P) are measured for the samples. The vacancy concentration of oxygen is an important parameter in the sintering process of spinel ferrites. The decrease in the population of Fe3+ ion in the octahedral sites with the introduction of Cu2+ results in the decrease of lattice parameter. The DTA tracing shows a strong exothermic peak at 90°C.
A series of samples of the type Ni0.65Zn0.35CuxFe2−xO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were prepared by means of a ceramic technique. The existence of a single phase was confirmed in X-ray studies. The dielectric constantK and dielectric lossD were measured at different temperatures at a frequency of 1 kHz. The pronounced increase in the dielectric constant at the transition temperature is due to the phase transformation from the ferrimagnetic to the paramagnetic state. The decrease in the dielectric loss with temperature is due to the reduction in the relaxation time of the hopping electrons and holes. The Tawfik constant was calculated in the ferrimagnetic state and was found to be correlated to the dielectric constant.
A series of samples in the system Ni0.65Zn0.35CuxFe2−xO4 (x=0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4 and 0.5) were prepared by the usual ceramic technique. Seebeck coefficient, d.c. resistivity, activation energy, drift mobilityΜ and time constant measurements are presented for all samples. As expected, the activation energies were lower for samples of higher conductivity and mobility.
Abstract
Sulfacetamide sodium is a widely prescribed sulfonamide drug due to its topical antibacterial action on eye and skin. Four impurities are stated in the British Pharmacopoeia among which are sulfanilamide and dapsone. This work presents two specific, accurate and precise chromatographic methods for the simultaneous determination of a mixture of sulfacetamide sodium, sulfanilamide and dapsone. The first method is an isocratic RP-HPLC where the separation of components was achieved on C18 column. A green mobile phase was used consisting of methanol:water (60:40, v/v). The flow rate was 1.0 mL/min and effluent was monitored at 273 nm. The second method is a TLC-spectrodensitometric one where good separation was achieved by using silica plates and a mobile phase consisting of chloroform:dichloromethane:acetic acid (6:2.5:1.5, by volume). Determination was done by densitometry in the absorbance mode at 273 nm. Both methods were validated in compliance with ICH guidelines. They were also successfully applied for the determination of sulfacetamide sodium and its impurities in Ocusol® ophthalmic solutions. The obtained results were statistically compared to the results obtained by applying the official methods of analysis of each component where no significant difference was found with respect to accuracy and precision.
