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- Author or Editor: C. Lu x
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Thermal decomposition of the carbon nanotube/SiO2precursor powders
Thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry
Summary
TG-DSC-MS (thermogravimetry-differential scanning calorimetry-mass spectrometry) coupling techniques were used to make a simultaneous characterizing study for the thermal decomposition process of the carbon nanotube (CNT)/SiO2precursor powders prepared by rapid sol-gel method. The thermal stability of the CNT and the SiO2pure gel were investigated by TG-DSC. The results showed that the oxidation of CNT began from 530 and combusted at about 678C at the heating rate of 10C min-1in air. Moreover, the faster the heating rate, the higher the temperature of CNT combustion. The appropriate calcinations temperature of the CNT/SiO2precursor powders should be held for 1 h at 500C.
This study was performed to assess how magnesium supplementation affects plasma lactate levels at rest and exhaustion in sportsmen and sedentary. Research was performed on 30 healthy subjects varying between 18-22 years of age for a four-week period. Subjects were separated into 3 groups: Group 1; sedentary taking magnesium supplementation only (10 mg/kg/day) (Mg + S), Group 2; subjects magnesium supplemented + training 90-120 min 5 days a week (Mg + Training), Group 3; training 90-120 min 5 days a week. Lactate levels of the groups were measured 4 times; at rest and exhaustion in the beginning of the research and after the end of the research. At the end of the research, exhaustion measurements both before and after supplement were found significantly higher than rest measurements in terms of lactate levels (p<0.05). An important decrease was determined in the lactate levels of the 1 st and 2 nd groups when compared to their first measurements (p<0.05). The results of this research indicate that lactate increases with exhaustion. However, magnesium supplement may positively affect performance of sportsmen by decreasing their lactate levels.
Salt stress is one of the major abiotic stress which severely limits plant growth and reduces crop productivity across the world. In the present study, the effects of exogenous pyridoxal-5-phosphate (vitamin B6, VB6) on seedling growth and development of wheat under salt stress were investigated. The results showed that exogenous application of pyridoxal-5-phosphate (VB6) significantly increased the RWC, biomass, the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, proline, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), together with decreasing the content of Malondiadehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in wheat leaves under salt stress. Meanwhile, the transcript level of P5CR, P5CS, SOD, TaSOS1 and TaSOS4 were also up-regulated after treatment with pyridoxal-5-phosphate. VB6 acts as a signal in regulating the activities of plant antioxidant enzymes and SOS pathway to improve resistance to salt stress. The current study results may give an insight into the regulatory roles of VB6 in improving salt stress and VB6 could be an easily and effective method to improve salt-stress tolerance to wheat in the field condition. It is urgency to understand the molecular mechanism of VB6 to enhance the salt tolerance of wheat in the next work.
Summary
The ripe fruits of Schisandrae chinensis have a long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine to treat diseases and improve health. There is substantial evidence that lignan constituents are mainly responsible for the beneficial effects of this plant medicine. The amounts of the major bioactive lignans in this plant vary widely with species, habitat, and the collecting time, and as such, establishment of an HPLC fingerprint for quality control of this herbal medicine is of particular importance. To achieve this, ten batches of Fructus schisandrae chinensis were collected from Tieli, in China, and their chemical components were analyzed under optimized HPLC conditions. On the basis of the chromatographic data, a consistent HPLC fingerprint pattern containing 20 common peaks was obtained. Among these common peaks, six were identified as schizandrin, schizandrol B, schisantherin, deoxyschiandrin, γ-schizandrin B, and schizandrin C. On the basis of this HPLC fingerprint and principal-components analysis, the quality of fifteen samples from different producing areas of China was objectively assessed, and the species difference between Fructus schisandrae sphenantherae and Fructus schisandrae chinensis was clearly differentiated. To summarize, the data described in this study offer valuable information for quality control and proper use of Fructus schisandrae chinensis.
Abstract
The heat capacities of chrysanthemic acid in the temperature range from 80 to 400 K were measured with a precise automatic adiabatic calorimeter. The chrysanthemic acid sample was prepared with the purity of 0.9855 mole fraction. A solid-liquid fusion phase transition was observed in the experimental temperature range. The melting point, T m, enthalpy and entropy of fusion, Δfus H m, Δfus S m, were determined to be 390.7410.002 K, 14.510.13 kJ mol-1, 37.130.34 J mol-1 K-1, respectively. The thermodynamic functions of chrysanthemic acid, H (T)-H(298.15), S (T)-S(298.15) and G (T)-G (298.15) were reported with a temperature interval of 5 K. The TG analysis under the heating rate of 10 K min-1 confirmed that the thermal decomposition of the sample starts at ca. 410 K and terminates at ca. 471 K. The maximum decomposition rate was obtained at 466 K. The purity of the sample was determined by a fractional melting method.
Abstract
Chemical elemental compositions of some silicate, magnetic and glass spherules were investigated with INAA. The elements determined include Os, Ir, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, Au, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, Lu and Sc etc. The elemental correlation, as well as their enrichment (or depletion) factors relative to Cl chondrite were examined. The high concentrations of the refractory siderophile elements contained in these spherules support the proposal that they originate from extraterrestrial substances. Some useful chemical criteria for identifying the sources of silicate, magnetic and glass spherules are put forward.
Trehalose dihydrate, on careful dehydration below its fusion point, retains its original crystal facets but becomes X-ray amorphous, an unusual example of direct crystal-to-glass transformation. From DSC studies, the glass obtained by this route seems to be of abnormally low enthalpy, but after an initial scan, the normal form of glass transition is exhibited, withT g=115‡C, a higher value than previously reported. We give a preliminary thermal and mechanical characterization of this material and find it to be a very fragile liquid. The highT g is shown to rationalize the exceptionally high water content of the trehalose+water solution that vitrifies at ambient temperature (i.e.T g=298 K), and hence helps explain its use by Nature as a desiccation protectant. The spontaneous vitrification of crystalline materials during desolvation is related to the phenomenology of pressure-induced or decompression-induced vitrification of crystals via the concept of limiting metastability.
Abstract
Background
Gambling disorder is associated with increased suicidality, especially in women who also are more likely to have psychiatric comorbid disorders and more often have experiences of traumatic life events. Although suicidality is increased and several risk factors have been identified, knowledge of the suicidal process is lacking, especially for women.
Aim
To explore the lived experiences of suicidality in women with gambling disorder and to investigate potential factors involved in the development of suicidality.
Method
Semi-structured interviews were held with seven women with experiences of gambling disorder and suicidality in Malmö, Sweden between November 2021 and June 2022, when saturation was reached. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and coded in NVivo. Qualitative content analysis was used to build categories and themes.
Results
Several women had experienced suicidality before developing gambling disorder and gambling-related suicidality. However, for some, suicidality had appeared seemingly only due to the gambling disorder. Suicidality ranged from ideation to severe suicide attempts. Three themes of factors modulating suicidality related to gambling were found; a) guilt shame and self-stigmatization, b) loss of control/chaotic life circumstances, and c) social consequences/fear of guilt and shame from others.
Conclusion
More research on the experience of suicidality in women with gambling disorder is needed. Attempts to address self-stigmatization, guilt, and shame in women with gambling disorder and society at large as well as aiding women to regain a sense of control over their economy and gambling may be ways to reduce suicidality.
