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- Author or Editor: P. Wang x
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Abstract
The free-radical bulk polymerization of 2,2-dinitro-1-butyl-acrylate (DNBA) in the presence of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator was investigated by DSC in the non-isothermal mode. Kissinger and Ozawa methods were applied to determine the activation energy (E a) and the reaction order of free-radical polymerization. The results showed that the temperature of exothermic polymerization peaks increased with increasing the heating rate. The reaction order of non-isothermal polymerization of DNBA in the presence of AIBN is approximately 1. The average activation energy (92.91±1.88 kJ mol −1) obtained was smaller slightly than the value of E a=96.82 kJ mol−1 found with the Barrett method.
In order to assess the contribution of adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites to the cellular metabolism process in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it is very important to simultaneously determine the relative concentrations of ATP and its metabolites. In this study, a fast, simple reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with high selectivity was developed to simultaneously measure adenosine triphosphate and its metabolites (adenosine diphosphate, adenosine monophosphate, and cyclic adenosine monophosphate) in yeast. The method was performed under the gradient grogram, and the detection was monitored at 254 nm. Analysis was achieved within 25 min. The four components can be detected with linear response over the concentration range from 1 to 100 mg L−1 with excellent correlation coefficients (r 2) > 0.999. The recovery of the four analytes was 92.9%, 90.4%, 99.1%, and 105.1%, respectively. To demonstrate the good analysis of yeast samples, changes in the four adenine nucleotides levels caused by caloric restriction in yeast were determined. It is expected that the current method may contribute to further metabolomics and system biology investigations of yeast.
Abstract
It has been generally accepted when estimating sedimentation rates using the 137Cs dating method that the position of the 137Cs maximum in a sediment profile represents the year 1963. In this paper we validated this approach by developing a model in which the annual 137Cs global fallout flux for the Yangtze River estuary was established on the basis of the Tokyo flux corrected for precipitation rates observed in Shanghai. As the 137Cs maxima in the sediment deposition profiles depend on the sedimentation rates, the sub-sampling intervals were calculated accordingly. Higher measured than the calculated values were found in some cores, what may be due to fluctuating sedimentation rates and an additional deposition of 137Cs from land-based sources. The study provides useful information on the reliability of the measured 137Cs maxima in sediment profiles frequently used for dating of sediments in marine (coastal regions, open seas) as well as in terrestrial (lakes) environments.
Abstract
A manganese dioxide coprecipitation procedure is utilized to replace a time-consuming evaporation step for the extraction of thorium, uranium and cerium from freshwater samples. The average recovery for 20-liter samples is greater than 95% for234Th and144Ce. The data indicate that the manganese dioxide coprecipitation process does not affect the recovery of thorium and uranium during our routine analytical procedure.
Thioacetamide (TAA) is a potent hepatotoxicant in acute and chronic hepatic injury. The study examined the protective effect of sesame oil against TAA-induced hepatic injury in rats. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of TAA for 24 h. Triple doses of sesame oil (1, 2, or 4 mL/kg) was given orally 0, 6, and 12 h after TAA treatment. TAA significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Sesame oil decreased serum AST and ALT levels and significantly inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels compared with TAA-alone group. Further, sesame oil significantly inhibited TAA-induced hepatic neutrophil activation marker myeloperoxidase activity. However, sesame oil did not affect hepatic tumor necrosis factor, IL-1β and IL-10 generation in TAA-treated group. In conclusion, sesame oil protects against TAA-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress via the inhibition of neutrophil activation. However, inflammatory cytokines may not be involved in sesame-oil-associated hepatic protection against TAA in rats.
Abstract
This study optimised the hydrolysis process of chicken plasma protein and explored the in vivo antioxidant activity of its hydrolysates. The results showed that alkaline protease provided the highest degree of hydrolysis (19.30%), the best antioxidant effect in vitro. The optimal hydrolysis process of alkaline protease was: temperature 50 °C, time 8 h, [E]/[S] 7000 U g−1, pH 7.5. Antioxidant studies in vivo showed that the low, medium, and high dose groups significantly reduced the serum MDA and protein carbonyl content (P < 0.05) and significantly increased the serum SOD and GSH contents (P < 0.05). The results of HE staining of the liver showed that the liver cells in the model group were severely damaged, but the chicken plasma protein hydrolysates could alleviate this pathological damage. Chicken plasma protein hydrolysis products had certain antioxidant activity.
Abstract
The method of high-temperature hydrolysis separating fluorine from UF4 is described. The determination of the content of fluorine by different methods is performed and compared.
High ozone (O3) can cause great damage to plants. However, the effect of high O3 on nitrogen (N) absorption, distribution, and utilization in rice at different growth stages under different planting densities is poorly understood. In the present study, a conventional cultivar (Yangdao 6) and a hybrid cultivar (II You 084) with different planting densities were exposed to an elevated amount of O3 (E-O3; 50% higher than that of the control, C-O3) under a freeair gas concentration enrichment (FACE) system. N absorption, distribution, and utilization of the green leaves, stems, and shoots at tillering, jointing heading, and maturity were investigated. Results showed that E-O3 significantly increased the N content in the shoots of Yangdao 6 by 7.5%, 12.7%, and 19.6%, respectively, at jointing, heading, and maturity. Also, the N content in the shoots of II You 084 increased by 5.4%, 6.5%, and 8.4% at the corresponding growth stage upon E-O3 application. E-O3 significantly decreased N accumulation of II You 084 by 8.3%, 4.9%, 4.7%, and 19.2%, respectively, at tillering, jointing, heading, and maturity. Further, E-O3 had a decreasing effect on the N distribution in green leaves (p ≤ 0.05) of both cultivars, but exerted an increasing effect on that in the stems of both cultivars (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, E-O3 significantly decreased the N use efficiency (NUE) for biomass of the two cultivars in all growth stages. These results revealed that E-O3 could increase the N content in rice plants but decrease the N accumulation and utilization in both cultivars. The effects of E-O3 on N absorption, distribution, and utilization were not affected by planting density.
Summary
A high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method coupled with photodiode array (PDA) detection has been developed and validated for simultaneous analysis of six active components (syringin, hyperoside, baicalin, quercetin, baicalein, and farrerol) of the Chinese medicinal preparation Qin-Bao-Hong antitussive tablet. The optimum conditions for separation were achieved on a 3.9 mm × 150 mm i.d., 5-μm particle, C18 column with a linear mobile phase gradient prepared from acetonitrile and 1% acetic acid at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. Because of the different UV characteristics of these compounds, four detection wavelengths were used for the quantitative analysis (265 nm for syringin, 256 nm for hyperoside and quercetin, 277 nm for baicalin and baicalein, and 296 nm for farrerol). For all the analytes a good linear regression relationship (r > 0.999) was obtained between peak area and concentration over a relatively wide range. The method was validated for repeatability, precision, stability, accuracy, selectivity, and robustness. The validated method was successfully applied to simultaneous analysis of these active components in Qin-Bao-Hong antitussive tablet from different production batches.
Summary
A novel liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) technique, based on a hollow fiber (HF), in conjunction with high-performance liquid chromatography, has been developed for analysis of melamine in milk products. Melamine was extracted directly from milk products by use of a hollow-fiber membrane filled with organic solvent. HFLPME conditions, for example pH, extraction solvent, temperature, stirring rate, and extraction time were optimized. The best extraction efficiency of melamine was achieved under the conditions: pH 9.5, 35 μL n-octanol as extraction solvent, temperature 55°C, stirring rate 300 rpm, and extraction time 30 min. The HF-LPME technique resulted in a preconcentration ratio of 29-fold. Baseline chromatographic separation of melamine was achieved on a C18 column with 96:4 (v/v) 0.02 mol L−1 ammonium sulfate-methanol as isocratic mobile phase. The linearity of the method ranged from 1.0 to 100.0 μg mL−1, correlation coefficient 0.9994. The limit of detection by use of HF-LPME was 0.021 μg mL−1 at a signal-to-noise ratio of 3. The optimized HF-LPME technique was successfully applied to the analysis of melamine in milk products collected from different commodity manufacturing units.
