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- Author or Editor: Z. Yang x
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Abstract
After an acute exposure to lanthanum chloride, the pharmacokinetics of calcium uptake in rats was studied by radioactive 47Ca tracer. The accumulated doses of calcium in the left femurs during 24 hours were determined. The results showed that the area under the curves (AUC), specific activity of maximal blood 47Ca concentration (C max ), distribution rate constant (K a ) and the accumulated dose of calcium in the left femur decreased while time to C max (T peak ) increased with the rising dosage of lanthanum exposure. It indicated that lanthanum expose had a negative effect on calcium absorption.
Abstract
One of the greatest challenges in the application of organic phase change materials (PCMs) is to increase their thermal conductivity while maintaining high phase change enthalpy. 1-Tetradecanol/Ag nanowires composite PCM containing 62.73 wt% (about 11.8 vol%) of Ag nanowires showed remarkably high thermal conductivity (1.46 W m−1 K−1) and reasonably high phase change enthalpy (76.5 J g−1). This behavior was attributed to the high aspect ratio of Ag nanowires, few thermal conduct interfaces, and high interface thermal conductivity of Ag nanowires in the composite PCM. These results indicated that Ag nanowires might be strong candidates for thermal conductivity enhancement of organic PCMs.
Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, was one of the most disaster foliar diseases for wheat-growing areas of the world. Thinopyrum intermedium has provided novel resistance genes to multi-fungal disease, and new wheat-Th. intermedium derivatives for stripe rust resistance still need to develop for wheat breeding. Wheat line X484-3 was selected from a cross between wheat line MY11 and wheat-Th. intermedium ssp. trichophorum partial amphiploid TE-1508, and was characterized by genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) and functional molecular markers. Chromosome counting revealed that the X484-3 was 2n = 44 and GISH analysis using Pseudoroegneria spicata genomic DNAas a probe demonstrated that X484-3 contained a pair of St-chromosomes from Th. intermedium donor parents. The functional molecular markers confirmed that introduced St-chromosomes belonging to linkage group 7, indicating that line X484-3 was a 7St addition line. The resistance observation displayed that the introduced Th. intermedium ssp. trichophorum derived chromosomes 7St were responsible for the stripe rust resistances at adult plant. The identified wheat-Th. intermedium chromosome 7St addition line X484-3 can be used as a donor in wheat breeding for stripe rust resistance.
Wheat yellow rust resistance gene Yr17 was originated from the wheat-Aegilops ventricosa introgression, and still effective on the adult plant in Southern China. The previous studies located the gene Yr17 on the translocation of 2NS-2AS using the molecular and cytological markers. In the present study, we screened new PCR-based markers to map the gene Yr17 region from the investigation of a segregating 120 F2 population. All markers including four EST-PCR markers, a SCAR (sequence characterized amplified region) and a PLUG (PCR based landmark unique gene) marker specific to Yr17 gene were mapped on the chromosome 2AS, and located on the chromosomal deletion bin 2AS5-0.8–1.00 region. Based on the wheat-rice collinearity, we found that the sequences of the Yr17 gene linked markers were comparatively matched at rice chromosome 4 and chromosome 7. However, the identified closely linked genomic sequence of Yr17 gene is most likely collinear with genomic region of rice chromosome 4. The newly produced PCR based markers closely linked to Yr17 gene will be useful for the marker-assisted selection in wheat breeding for rust resistance.
Genotypes with various Vp-1B alleles perform different levels of pre-harvest sprouting (PHS) tolerance. In this study, 217 white-grained wheat cultivars, including 75 landraces, 39 historical cultivars, and 103 modern cultivars from five major regions of China, were examined to characterize the diversity of the Viviparous-1B ( Vp-1B ) locus associated with PHS tolerance. Four Vp-1B alleles were identified, three ( Vp-1Ba , Vp-1Bb and Vp-1Bc ) of which were previously reported in Chinese wheat cultivars. A new allele, Vp-1Be , was identified in the PHS tolerant landrace Hongheshangtou. Sequence analysis showed that Vp-1Be had an insertion of a 4-bp fragment, two SNPs, and a deletion of an 83-bp fragment compared with the nucleotide sequence of Vp-1Ba (AJ400713), all located in the third intron. Vp-1Be shared 97.80% similarity with the nucleotide sequence of AJ400713. The frequencies of Vp-1Ba , Vp-1Bb , and Vp-1Bc were 36.0%, 5.3%, and 57.3% in landraces; 23.1%, 7.7%, and 69.2% in historical cultivars; and 52.4%, 0%, and 47.6% in current cultivars, respectively.
Abstract
The kinetics of protein thermal transition is of a significant interest from the standpoint of medical treatment. The effect of sucrose (0–15 mass%) on bovine serum albumin denatured aggregation kinetics at high concentration was studied by the iso-conversional method and the master plots method using differential scanning calorimetry. The observed aggregation was irreversible and conformed to the simple order reaction. The denaturation temperature (T m), the kinetic triplets all increased as the sucrose concentration increased, which indicated the remarkable stabilization effect of sucrose. The study purpose is to provide new opportunities in exploring aggregation kinetics mechanisms in the presence of additive.
Abstract
Microcalorimetry was applied to study the effect of cephalosporins (cefazolin sodium and cefonicid sodium) on the E. coli growth. The microbial activity was recorded as power-time curves through an ampoule method with a TAM Air Isothermal Microcalorimeter at 37°C. The parameters such as the growth rate constant (k), inhibitory ratio (I), the maximum power output (P m) and the time corresponding to the maximum power output (t m) were calculated. The change tendencies of k, with the increasing of concentration (C) of the two cephalosporins, are similar which show that cefazolin sodium and cefonicid sodium have the same inhibitory mechanism. The experimental results reveal that cefonicid sodium has a stronger antibacterial activity towards E. coli than that of cefazolin sodium and this was coincide with the clinical manifestations.
Abstract
The nano-iron oxyhydroxides (α- and γ-FeOOH) were synthesized by using three ferrous and ferric salts (FeSO4, FeCl2, Fe(NO3)3) as iron precursors under alkaline conditions. Morphologies of nano-iron oxyhydroxides were characterized by employing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (SSA) analysis respectively. The occurrence of needle-like shape of nano-goethite and rod-like shape of nano-lepidocrocite were attributed to hydrolysis of Fe3+ cations and/or oxidization of Fe2+ at alkaline conditions in terms of XRD analysis. The N2-BET SSA and BJH (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda) pore size analysis showed that internal SSA of nano-lepidocrocite is higher than that of nano-goethite, although they have similar N2-BET SSAs. The distribution of average pore size of nano-iron oxyhydroxides are higher than that of predominant pore size due to formation of the heterogeneous nanoparticles under the experimental conditions. These nanoparticles possess the high sorption capacity and the strong affinity for contaminants. Application of nano-iron oxyhydroxides in environmental engineering plays an important role to remove a variety of contaminants, such as heavy-metal ions and organic pollutants.
Abstract
A microcalorimetric technique based on the bacterial heat output was applied to evaluate the influence of antibiotics PIP (Piperacillin Sodium) and composite preparation of PIP and SBT (Sulbactam Sodium) on the growth of E. coli DH5α. The power–time curves of the growth metabolism of E. coli DH5α were studied using a TAM Air Isothermal Microcalorimeter at 37C. By analyzing the power–time curves, the parameters such as growth rate constants (k), inhibitory ratio (I), the maximum heat power (P m) and the time of the maximum heat power (t m) were obtained. The results show that different concentrations of antibiotics affect the growth metabolism of E. coli DH5α. The PIP in the concentration range of 0–0.05 g mL–1 has a stimulatory effect on the E. coli DH5α growth, while the PIP of higher concentrations (0.05 –0.25 g mL–1) can inhibit its growth. It seems that the composite preparation composed of PIP and SBT cannot improve the inhibitory effect on E. coli DH5α as compared with the PIP.
