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- Author or Editor: Jing Zhang x
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Abstract
The catalytic properties of supported Cu/SBA-15 catalysts prepared by the ion-exchange method were investigated for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. The Cu/SBA-15 catalyst performed higher selectivity to 1,2-propanediol and high stability. We propose that the larger specific surface area and the ordered mesoporous channels of SBA-15 may play important roles in stabilizing highly dispersed copper species, and forming an active and durable catalyst for the title reaction.
Abstract
The atmospheric particulate matter samples were collected in Shanghai, China. The X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectra of Cr, Mn, Cu and Zn were measured. The XANES spectroscopy was used as a fingerprint to compare with that of reference materials to obtain speciation information. The oxidation state of these elements and main chemical components in the samples were described using the method. The results show that in our samples the oxidation state of Cr is trivalent, Mn mainly exists in the divalent state, Cu also exists in the divalent state, and Zn mainly exists in the zinc sulfate. For the XANES spectra of samples with different particle size and from different sampling site, we did not find their obvious differences. When we compared the XANES spectra of our samples with those of standard reference material SRM 1648, we found that they are similar in regards to the determined elements. The elemental concentrations in the samples were determined by proton induced X-ray emission (PIXE). The difference of elemental concentrations was observed in the different samples.
The rats were randomly divided into paraquat group, curcumin treatment group, and pirfenidone treatment group. The concentration of paraquat in rat plasma was determined by an ultra-performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) method over the range of 10–2000 ng mL−1. Chromatographic separation was achieved on a BEH HILIC (2.1 mm × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column. The mobile phase was consisted of acetonitrile and 10 mm ammonium formate buffer (containing 0.1% formic acid) with gradient elution pumped at a flow rate of 0.4 mL min−1. Protein precipitation with acetonitrile was used as sample preparation. Compared with the paraquat group, there is statistical toxicokinetic difference for curcumin treatment group and pirfenidone treatment group, AUC(0 − t) decreased (P < 0.05), clearance (CL) increased (P < 0.05) for curcumin or pirfenidone treatment group, and C max decreased (P < 0.05) for curcumin treatment group. The results showed that treatment by curcumin and pirfenidone could relieve acute paraquat poisoning in rats.
Abstract
An N-tert-butyloxycarbonylated organic synthesis intermediate, (S)-tert-butyl 1-phenylethylcarbamate, was prepared and investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The molar heat capacities of (S)-tert-butyl 1-phenylethylcarbamate were precisely determined by means of adiabatic calorimetry over the temperature range of 80-380 K. There was a solid–liquid phase transition exhibited during the heating process with the melting point of 359.53 K. The molar enthalpy and entropy of this transition were determined to be 29.73 kJ mol−1 and 82.68 J K−1 mol−1 based on the experimental C
p–T curve, respectively. The thermodynamic functions, [
] and [
], were calculated from the heat capacity data in the temperature range of 80–380 K with an interval of 5 K. TG experiment showed that the pyrolysis of the compound was started at the temperature of 385 K and terminated at 510 K within one step.
Abstract
Letrozole is one of the third generation aromatase inhibitors. It is suitable for the treatment of postmenopausal patients with advanced breast cancer and early treatment of breast cancer. It is necessary to develop a rapid, reliable, selective and sensitive LC–MS/MS assay to determine letrozole in human plasma to evaluate the clinical efficacy and adverse reactions with clinical pharmacokinetic and therapeutic drug monitoring. Separation was carried out on a Kromasil-C18 column using acetonitrile-water (55: 45, v/v) as mobile phase. Detection was carried out by multiple reaction monitoring on a 3200Qtrap mass spectrometry. The method needed one-step protein precipitation procedure only, and the cycle time was 2.5 min allowing 500–550 samples per day. It was linear within 0.30–50.00 ng/mL for plasma with the limit of detection (LOD) of 0.030 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day RSD were 5.51–8.63%, 2.28–9.95% and the RE was 0.18–1.65%. The recovery rates of letrozole and internal standard for plasma were 89.30–98.55%. Letrozole was stable under all the conditions in the study. The method was sensitive enough to quantitate letrozole over a period of 288 h after giving a single oral dose of 2.5 mg–24 Chinese healthy volunteers. The absorption of letrozole was rapid with small individual difference, the tissue distribution of letrozole was more than that in blood, and the clearance was slow. Letrozole was similar to three-compartment model in vivo. Due to metabolism and excretion, the AUCs of letrozole varied greatly among individuals.
Abstract
An isotope dilution multicollector inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ID-MC-ICP-MS) method for determining age of trace Pu through measuring 241Pu/241Am, 240Pu/236U ratio was established. At the same time, other two methods-α-spectrometry combined with MC-ICP-MS and liquid scintillator combined with α-spectrometry through measuring 241Pu/241Am ratio to determine the age of trace Pu were also studied. The techniques were explored for the age determination of nanogram grade Pu sample on the basis of Pu/Am, Pu/U separation. The ages of two Pu samples—one with known and the other with unknown age—were determined by the three methods. The determined ages by the three methods were all in agreement with the reference value. The established methods for determining the age of trace Pu could be adopted in the verification activities of nuclear safeguards and nuclear arms control.
Abstract
The fractional cumulative yields (FCY) of133mTe and133gTe in the spontaneous fission of252Cf were measured for the first time by a radiochemical method. The values ofFCY are 0.533±0.014 and 0.291±0.042 for133mTe and133gTe, respectively. The isomeric state to ground state fractional independent yield (FIY) ratio of133Te,R, was found to be 3.5. The root-mean-square angular momentum of the primary fragment corresponding to the fission product133Te, Jr.m.s.=8.8h, was estimated according to a simple one-parameter statistical model. The fractional cumulative yields from this work together with other literature data in the mass region A=131–141 are compared with the 
normal
yields given by the empiricalZ
p model by Whhl. It suggests that both theN=82 neutrons shell and nucleus pairing effects are not apparent for the spontaneous fission of252Cf.
A validated high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been developed to analyze the (±)-gossypol in the selection of strains of Candida tropicalis culture. Since gossypol was easily degraded and oxidized, the addition of antioxidant NADPH-Na4 and acetone extraction was chosen to prevent gossypol degradation and gradient elution assay was applied to obtain gossypol resolution. Concentrations of gossypol in C. tropicalis ZD-3 culture 20 μg/mL were determined, and concentration–time profiles were observed. Linearity of the gossypol standard curve by HPLC area method was ranged from 0.1 to 20 μg/mL with Y = 26.954 × X − 29.547, R 2 = 0.9991, and n = 3, with limit of detection (LOD) of 50 ng/mL and lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) of 500 ng/mL. The recovery rate is dose-dependent and ranged from 85.3% to 103.5%. It is a rapid and reliable HPLC method for gossypol quantization in microorganism culture which could be applied in solid fermentation in the feed industry.
Abstract
d-glucosamine at concentration of certain range could kill tumor cells without influencing normal cells. There are also some reports on the antitumor activity of d-glucosamine and its derivatives in murine models. It was therefore postulated that d-glucosamine might have the potential to invade tumor cells. We designed and radiosynthesized a glucosamine derivative, N-(2-[18F]fluoro-4-nitrobenzoyl)glucosamine ([18F]FNBG([18F]7)). Evaluations in vitro and in vivo were performed on tumor bearing mice. Excitingly, the radiochemical purity of [18F]FNBG([18F]7) was 99%, and besides the best radiochemical yield was up to 35%. The best T/Bl (Tumor/Blood) and T/M (Tumor/Muscle) ratios of [18F]FNBG([18F]7) were 4.40 and 4.84. Although [18F]FNBG([18F]7) deserved further studies, the results revealed it might become a potential PET imaging agent for detecting tumors.
Background and aims
Internet addiction disorder (IAD) is common in university students. A number of studies have examined the prevalence of IAD in Chinese university students, but the results have been inconsistent. This is a meta-analysis of the prevalence of IAD and its associated factors in Chinese university students.
Methods
Both English (PubMed, PsycINFO, and Embase) and Chinese (Wan Fang Database and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure) databases were systematically and independently searched from their inception until January 16, 2017.
Results
Altogether 70 studies covering 122,454 university students were included in the meta-analysis. Using the random-effects model, the pooled overall prevalence of IAD was 11.3% (95% CI: 10.1%–12.5%). When using the 8-item Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, the 10-item modified Young Diagnostic Questionnaire, the 20-item Internet Addiction Test, and the 26-item Chen Internet Addiction Scale, the pooled prevalence of IAD was 8.4% (95% CI: 6.7%–10.4%), 9.3% (95% CI: 7.6%–11.4%), 11.2% (95% CI: 8.8%–14.3%), and 14.0% (95% CI: 10.6%–18.4%), respectively. Subgroup analyses revealed that the pooled prevalence of IAD was significantly associated with the measurement instrument (Q = 9.41, p = .024). Male gender, higher grade, and urban abode were also significantly associated with IAD. The prevalence of IAD was also higher in eastern and central of China than in its northern and western regions (10.7% vs. 8.1%, Q = 4.90, p = .027).
Conclusions
IAD is common among Chinese university students. Appropriate strategies for the prevention and treatment of IAD in this population need greater attention.
