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- Author or Editor: S. Yang x
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Abstract
Five kinds of urinary stones from 42 patients have been determined for a total of 19 elements by instrumental neutron activation analysis. Of these elements, Ca, Mg, Sr, Na, and Cl are found to be present in the core of all kinds of stones. The differences in elemental composition among the different kinds of stones as well as across the layers of stone are statistically evaluated.
Abstract
An attempt was made to establish a reliable method using chemical neutron activation analysis for surveillance of pollutants in waste waters released by plants manufacturing various kinds of products. Since preconcentration process played important role in the entire course of the analysis work, special precaution was taken to re-confirm that the recovery efficiencies for pollutant ions were satisfactory during the preconcentration. It was also re-examined that the Langmuir's adsorption isotherm pattern well obeyed by all ions under investigation. In recent years, significant amounts of rare earth compounds and other raw materials containing representative elements have been imported and consumed to meet the demand due to the rapid progress in new manufacturing technology. Samples were collected from ten various production lines in plants and potential pollutants were determined using the Tsing Hua Open-pool Reactor. It would be noteworthy that the specimens obtained by this preconcentration process also would be usable for Induced Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry analysis for supplementary and/or comparison purposes.
Abstract
Complexation of trivalent europium by a well characterized soil fulvic acid was investigated by equilibrium dialysis titration method ([FA]=24 mg·dm–3, [Eu]
t
=9.0·10–7–3.5·10–6 mol·dm–3, pH 6.0). The concentrations of the fulvate bound and free europium were measured radiometrically using152Eu as a tracer. The experimental results were evaluated using a bimodal normal distribution model and a plot with two overlapping normal distributions was obtained which gave two means logK (µI=7.0, 
I=1.1; µII=4.9,
II=0.5) values for binding of europium by two classes of sites in fulvic acid. A multiligand model was assumed for fulvic acid, based upon the Eu(III) luminescence studies (7F0
5D0 excitation) on many organic acids as model ligands.
High ozone (O3) can cause great damage to plants. However, the effect of high O3 on nitrogen (N) absorption, distribution, and utilization in rice at different growth stages under different planting densities is poorly understood. In the present study, a conventional cultivar (Yangdao 6) and a hybrid cultivar (II You 084) with different planting densities were exposed to an elevated amount of O3 (E-O3; 50% higher than that of the control, C-O3) under a freeair gas concentration enrichment (FACE) system. N absorption, distribution, and utilization of the green leaves, stems, and shoots at tillering, jointing heading, and maturity were investigated. Results showed that E-O3 significantly increased the N content in the shoots of Yangdao 6 by 7.5%, 12.7%, and 19.6%, respectively, at jointing, heading, and maturity. Also, the N content in the shoots of II You 084 increased by 5.4%, 6.5%, and 8.4% at the corresponding growth stage upon E-O3 application. E-O3 significantly decreased N accumulation of II You 084 by 8.3%, 4.9%, 4.7%, and 19.2%, respectively, at tillering, jointing, heading, and maturity. Further, E-O3 had a decreasing effect on the N distribution in green leaves (p ≤ 0.05) of both cultivars, but exerted an increasing effect on that in the stems of both cultivars (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, E-O3 significantly decreased the N use efficiency (NUE) for biomass of the two cultivars in all growth stages. These results revealed that E-O3 could increase the N content in rice plants but decrease the N accumulation and utilization in both cultivars. The effects of E-O3 on N absorption, distribution, and utilization were not affected by planting density.
Abstract
Dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (HD) has been used as a preconcentrating agent to enrich trace metal ions and to separate the interfering elements such as Na, K, Cl and Br which normally exist in the natural aqueous systems. Experiments were performed by extracting the ions in the aqueous medium with HD in n-hexane and subsequently back-extracted into a minimal volume of acid solution. Factors influencing the extraction efficiency of the ions of interest were investigated. The preconcentration technique developed in this study was applied to the determination of trace elements in biological and natural water samples by neutron activation analysis.
Abstract
The solid complexes of Cr(NO3)3 with L-α-amino acids (AA=Val, Leu, Thr, Arg, Phe and Try) have been prepared in 95% alcoholic, the compositions of which were identified as the general formula Cr(AA)2(NO3)32H2O by elemental and chemical analyses. The bonding characteristics of the title complexes were characterized by IR, indicating that nitrogen and oxygen atoms in the ligands coordinated to Cr3+ in a bidentate fashion. With the aid of TG-DTG and IR techniques, the complexes were subjected to thermal decomposition in an atmosphere of oxygen, presuming that the decompositions of the complexes consist of two steps and the complexes were decomposed into chromium hemitrioxide after undergoing dehydration and skeleton splitting of the complexes. The constant volume energies of combustion of the complexes were determined by a RBC-P type rotating-bomb calorimeter. According to Hess's law, the standard enthalpies of formation of the complexes were calculated as (-1831.404.40), (-2542.036.13), (-1723.813.99), (-2224.313.02), (-2911.616.53) and (-659.327.42) kJ mol-1, respectively.
Abstract
Solid complexes of M(His)2Cl2 nH2O (M=Mn, Co, Ni, Cu) of MnCl26H2O, CoCl26H2O, NiCl26H2O, CuCl22H2O and L-α-histidine (His) have been prepared in 95% ethanol solution and characterized by elemental analyses, chemical analyses, IR and TG-DTG. The constant-volume combustion energies of the complexes have been determined by a rotating-bomb calorimeter. And the standard enthalpies of formation of the complexes have been calculated as well.
Thermal degradation of poly(vinyl butyral) (PVB) and its mixtures with alumina, mullite and silica was investigated by non-isothermal thermogravimetry in the temperature range of 323 to 1273 K. The analysis of the data was carried out using a three-dimensional diffusion model. Results showed that the kinetic parameters (activation energy and pre-exponential factor) of the PVB degradation are different for polymer alone, and ceramic/polymer composites. The overall weighted mean apparent activation energy showed an increasing reactivity in the order of PVB<alumina+PVB<mullite+PVB<silica+PVB. This shows that the acidic and basic surface characteristics of the ceramics promote the thermal degradation of PVB and, the more acidic silica affects the degradation more than mullite and alumina. The effect of pellet compression pressure in the range of 4000 to 8000 psig is also investigated.
In the past decade, researches on Wnt signaling in cell biology have made remarkable progress regarding our understanding of embryonic development, bone formation, muscle injury and repair, neurogenesis, and tumorigenesis. The study also showed that physical activity can reverse age-dependent decline in skeletal muscle, preventing osteoporosis, regenerative neurogenesis, hippocampal function, cognitive ability, and neuromuscular junction formation, and the age-dependent recession is highly correlated with Wnt signaling pathways. However, how the biological processes in cell and physical activity during/following exercise affect the Wnt signaling path of the locomotor system is largely unknown. In this study, we first briefly introduce the important features of the cellular biological processes of exercise in the locomotor system. Then, we discuss Wnt signaling and review the very few studies that have examined Wnt signaling pathways in cellular biological processes of the locomotor system during physical exercise.
Abstract
The nano-iron oxyhydroxides (α- and γ-FeOOH) were synthesized by using three ferrous and ferric salts (FeSO4, FeCl2, Fe(NO3)3) as iron precursors under alkaline conditions. Morphologies of nano-iron oxyhydroxides were characterized by employing X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and specific surface area (SSA) analysis respectively. The occurrence of needle-like shape of nano-goethite and rod-like shape of nano-lepidocrocite were attributed to hydrolysis of Fe3+ cations and/or oxidization of Fe2+ at alkaline conditions in terms of XRD analysis. The N2-BET SSA and BJH (Barrett–Joyner–Halenda) pore size analysis showed that internal SSA of nano-lepidocrocite is higher than that of nano-goethite, although they have similar N2-BET SSAs. The distribution of average pore size of nano-iron oxyhydroxides are higher than that of predominant pore size due to formation of the heterogeneous nanoparticles under the experimental conditions. These nanoparticles possess the high sorption capacity and the strong affinity for contaminants. Application of nano-iron oxyhydroxides in environmental engineering plays an important role to remove a variety of contaminants, such as heavy-metal ions and organic pollutants.
