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Abstract
[Cd(NTO)4Cd(H2O)6]4H2O was prepared by mixing the aqueous solution of 3-nitro-1,2,4-triazol-5-one and cadmium carbonate in excess. The single crystal structure was determined by a four-circle X-ray diffractometer. The crystal is monoclinic, space group C2/c with crystal parameters of a=2.1229(3) nm, b=0.6261(8) nm, c=2.1165(3) nm, β=90.602(7), V=2.977(6) nm3, Z=4, Dc=2.055 gcm−3, μ=15.45 cm−1, F(000)=1824, λ(MoKα)=0.071073 nm. The final R is 0.0282. Based on the results of thermal analysis, the thermal decomposition mechanism of [Cd(NTO)4Cd(H2O)6]4H2O was derived. From measurements of the enthalpy of solution of [Cd(NTO)4Cd(H2O)6]4H2O in water at 298.15 K, the standard enthalpy of formation, lattice energy, lattice enthalpy and standard enthalpy of dehydration have been determined as -(1747.84.8), -2394, -2414 and 313.6 kJ mol−1 respectively.
Abstract
The heat capacities of trans-(R)-3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylic acid in the temperature range from 78 to 389 K were measured with a precise automatic adiabatic calorimeter. The sample was prepared with the purity of 0.9874 mole fraction. A solid-liquid fusion phase transition was observed in the experimental temperature range. The melting point, T m, enthalpy and entropy of fusion, Δfus H m, Δfus S m, were determined to be 344.75±0.02 K, 13.75±0.07 kJ mol−1, 39.88±0.21 J K−1 mol−1, respectively. The thermodynamic functions of the sample, H (T)-H (298.15), S (T)-S (298.15) and G (T)-G (298.15), were reported with a temperature interval of 5 K. The thermal decomposition of the sample was studied by TG analysis, the thermal decomposition starts at ca. 421 K and terminates at ca. 535 K, the maximum decomposition rate was obtained at 525 K. The order of reaction, pre-exponential factor and activation energy, are n=0.14, A=1.15·108 min−1, E=66.27 kJ mol−1, respectively.
This study was conducted to compare structural development and biochemical accumulation of waxy and non-waxy wheat (NW) caryopses. The caryopses’ microstructure of the waxy wheat (WW) and NW cultivars at different developmental stages were observed under light, fluorescence, and scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: Compared with NW,WWhad a shorter maturation duration, which was reflected in several following characteristics. Programmed cell death of the pericarp began earlier, and the chlorophyll-containing layer in the pericarp was smaller. Vacuoles in chalazal cells accumulated more tannins at different developmental stages. Starch granules and protein bodies in the endosperm showed a higher accumulation level in developing caryopses, and aleurone cells were larger in size with larger numbers of aleurone grains. An analysis of the element content indicated that the mineral elements Mg, P, K, and Ca exhibited a higher content, while the heavy elements Cr, Cd, and Pb exhibited a lower content in the aleurone layer.
Abstract
The hyperfine structure and isotope shift of8S7/2
10P9/2 atomic transition in241Am and243Am was measured with high-resolution by laser fluorescent spectroscopy method. The results concern nuclear moments and charge radii. We notice that the hyperfine structure for the actinide atoms are rather high compared with other elements. This offers ample scope for obtaining information about higher nuclear moments than Q and 
.
Abstract
Liquid-liquid extraction of several cations by some oxa-tia- and tia-crown ethers was studied. Sr(II), Pb(II) and Ag(I) were taken as hard, borderline and soft Lewis acids, respectively. Trace amounts of210Sr and110mAg were used as chemical yield monitors. The results were explained by the Pearson theory. Some of the examined compounds posses high affinity towards Ag(I) and Pb(II) extraction. The distribution coefficent for Ag(I) reached the value of 140.
Abstract
Acid Zr salt of dibutyl phosphoric acid (ZS HDBP) dissolved in 30% TBP with isoparaffines was investigated and successfully tested on “hot” rigs as TBP-compatible solvents for TPE and RE recovery from simulated and real HLW, containing 1–3 mol/L HNO3, and for their partitioning with DTPA in formic media. Mo was also separated. The possibility of the use of 1–1.5 mol/L HDBP solutions in meta-nitrobenzotrifluoride (F-3) for these purposes is demonstrated as well. Addition of chlorinated cobalt dicarbollide (CCD) to ZS HDBP solution in F-3 gives rise to synergetic effect during extraction and, in combination with PEG, allows to extract Cs and Sr along with TPE and RE from HLW of mentioned acidity, and to separate the elements to fractions by their valence.
Interrelationships between circulating concentrations of the insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) were investigated in 235 blood samples taken from 145 healthy beef or dairy calves, bulls and cows of different breeds and ages. Autoradiography of Western ligand blots indicated different IGF binding protein (IGFBP) profiles between sera from different categories of cattle. Each IGF radioimmunoassay was validated by determining the effects of IGFBPs, ligand and contraligand, as well as serial dilution and comparison with results obtained after molecular sieve chromatography in acid. In female cattle mean values for IGF-I varied from 5.1 nmol/l in postparturient Holstein cows to 18.5–20.5 nmol/l in growing beef heifers, while mean IGF-II concentrations ranged from 30.0 nmol/l in the cows to 14.7–15.7 nmol/l in the beef heifer calves. In male cattle mean serum IGF-I ranged widely from 8.2 nmol/l in 1-day-old Holstein calves to 67.4 nmol/l in 16-month-old Simmental-type bulls. Mean IGF-II concentrations decreased from 22.9 nmol/l in 1-day-old Holstein bull calves to 11.9 nmol/l in 12-month-old beef bulls. Thus, total molar IGF concentrations were fairly stable in female cattle (24.7–35.1 nmol/l) but extended from 27.3 nmol/l to 81.8 nmol/l in the male cattle. The tendency for a reciprocal relationship between serum concentrations of these growth factors was most obvious in the periparturient cows.
Abstract
Background
Hypoxia is a pivotal initiator of tumor angiogenesis and growth through the stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). This study set out to examine the involvement of HIF-1α and HIF-2α in colon cancer and ascertained whether ORAI3 was involved in the pathway.
Materials and methods
Patients and murine models as well as human colorectal adenocarcinoma tumor (CW2) cells were included to examine the levels of ORAI1/3 and HIF-1/2α levels. Calcium imaging was utilized to ascertain the activity of calcium channel. Scratch assay was used to assess the migration capacity of the cells.
Results
Tumors from murine colon cancer xenograft models and patients with colon cancer displayed high ORAI1/3 and HIF-1/2α levels. Hypoxia treatment, mimicking the tumor microenvironment in vitro, increased ORAI1/3 and HIF-1/2α expression as well as store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Of note is that HIF-1/2α silencing decreased SOCE, and HIF-1/2α overexpression facilitated SOCE. Furthermore, ORAI3 rather than ORAI1 expression was inhibited by HIF-1/2α silencing while increased by ML228. Luciferase assay also confirmed that ORAI3 was elevated in the presence of ML228, indicating the linkage between HIF-1/2α and ORAI3. Additionally, colony-forming potential and cell migration capacity were decreased in siHIF-1α and siHIF-2α as well as siORAI3 cells, and the facilitating effect of ML228 on cell migration and colony-forming potential was also decreased in siORAI3 CW-2 cells, which points out the importance of ORAI3 in HIF1/2α pathway.
Conclusion
Our findings allow to conclude that both HIF-1α and HIF-2α facilitate ORAI3 expression, hence enhancing colon cancer progression.
Objectives
Impaired intestinal barrier function has been demonstrated in the pathophysiology of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D). This study aimed to describe the intestinal ultrastructural findings in the intestinal mucosal layer of IBS-D patients.
Methods
In total, 10 healthy controls and 10 IBS-D patients were analyzed in this study. The mucosa of each patient’s rectosigmoid colon was first assessed by confocal laser endomicroscopy (CLE); next, biopsied specimens of these sites were obtained. Intestinal tissues of IBS-D patients and healthy volunteers were examined to observe cellular changes by transmission electron microscopy (TEM).
Results
CLE showed no visible epithelial damage or inflammatory changes in the colonic mucosa of IBS-D compared with healthy volunteers. On transmission electron microscopic examination, patients with IBS-D displayed a larger apical intercellular distance with a higher proportion of dilated (>20 nm) intercellular junctional complexes, which was indicative of impaired mucosal integrity. In addition, microvillus exfoliation, extracellular vesicle as well as increased presence of multivesicular bodies were visible in IBS-D patients. Single epithelial cells appeared necrotic, as characterized by cytoplasmic vacuolization, cytoplasmic swelling, and presence of autolysosome. A significant association between bowel habit, frequency of abdominal pain, and enlarged intercellular distance was found.
Conclusion
This study showed ultrastructural alterations in the architecture of intestinal epithelial cells and intercellular junctional complexes in IBS-D patients, potentially representing a pathophysiological mechanism in IBS-D.
Abstract
) products agree essentially with other experiments on extended targets carried out at the Dubna Synchrophasotron (LHE, JINR). To a first approximation, the breeding rate of (n, ) products doubles when the carbon energy increases from 22 to 44 GeV. If, however, results at 44 GeV are compared in detail to those at 22 GeV, we observe an excess of (37±9)% in the experimentally observed239Np-breeding rate over theoretical estimations. Experiments using solid state nuclear track detectors give similar results. We present a conception for the interpretation of this fact: There is the evident connection between anomalies we observe in the yield of secondary particles in relativistic heavy ion interactions above a total energy of approximately 30–35 GeV and increased yield of neutrons in this energy region.