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- Author or Editor: X. Yang x
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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in many countries for thousands of years and played an indispensable role in the prevention and treatment of diseases, especially the complicated and chronic ones. However, the application of TCM in diseases is still not fully recognized by people around the world, the main reason is that Chinese herb is a very complex mixture containing hundreds of different components. Thus, it is essential to make quality control and evaluation of TCM. A new quality evaluation method, quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker (QAMS), was developed to the quality control of alkaloids in TCM, a case study on Radix aconiti lateralis, named Fuzi in Chinese. Six alkaloids, including aconitine, hypaconitine, mesaconitine, benzoylaconine, benzoylmesaconine, and benzoylhypaconine, were selected as main components to evaluate the quality of Radix aconiti lateralis. The feasibility and accuracy of QAMS were checked by the external standard method, and various high-performance liquid chromatographic instruments and chromatographic conditions were investigated to verify its applicability. Using aconitine as the internal reference substance and the content of aconitine was calculated according to relative correction factors by high-performance liquid chromatography. The present results showed that there was no significant difference observed between the QAMS method and the external standard method with the relative average deviations less than 3.0%, and QAMS is an effective way to control the quality of herbal medicines and seems to be a convenient and accurate approach to analyze multi-composition when reference substances are unavailable.
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine the possible formation of chlorinated organic compounds during the combustion of blends of refuse derived fuels (RDF) and coal under conditions similar to those of an atmospheric fluidized bed combustion (AFBC) system. A series of experiments were conducted using a TG interfaced to FTIR. Additional experiments using a tube furnace preheated to AFBC operating temperatures were also conducted. The combustion products were cryogenically trapped and analyzed with a GC/MS system. The chlorination of phenols and the condensation reactions of chlorophenols were investigated in this study. A possible mechanism for the formation of chlorinated organic compounds such as dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans, by chlorination and condensation reactions involving phenols, was proposed.
Abstract
A new model has been deduced by assumed autocatalytic reactions. It includes two rate constants, k 1 and k 2, two reaction orders, m and n, and the initial concentration of [OH]. The model proposed has been applied to the curing reaction of a system of bisphenol-S epoxy resin (BPSER), with4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane (DDM) as a curing agent. The curing reactions were studied by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Analysis of DSC data indicated that an autocatalytic behavior showed in the curing reaction. The new model was found to fit to the experimental data exactly. Rate constants, k 1 and k 2 were observed to be greater when curing temperature increased. The activation energies for k 1 and k 2 were 95.28 and 39.69 kJ mol–1, respectively. Diffusion control was incorporated to describe the cure in the latter stages.
Abstract
Osmium isotope, 197Os, produced with 14 MeV neutrons through the reaction of 198Pt(n,2p)197Os, has been identified and its decay properties have been studied with a g(X) spectroscopic method. The ten new g-rays of 41.2, 50.7, 196.8, 199.6, 223.9, 233.1, 250.2, 342.1, 403.6, and 406.4 keV assigned to the decay of 197Os were observed. The half-life of 197Os has been determined as 2.8±0.6 minutes. A partial decay scheme of 197Os was proposed.
Abstract
Although Ir anomaly has been discovered in a number of C/T boundaries in the world, no positive results of this anomaly in Permian/Triassic (P/Tr) boundary were given. There are many well-developed P/T sections in South China. One of representative sections is located at the Baoqing quarry, Meishan Town, Changxin County, Zhejiang Province. Ir, Os, Re, Au, Pt, Cu and Mo were determined by the radiochemical procedure developed in our laboratory. (1) Besides those accessible by INAA. The results reveal that the refractory siderophile and other chalcophile elements have certain enrichment near and at the boundary layer. However, the Ir/Au and other element abundance ratios fail to accord with the extraterrestrial values. The nature of the boundary event was discussed in terms of elemental geochemistry.
Abstract
The concentrations of 14 elements, including Ir, Au, Co, Cr, Fe, Sr, Rb, K, Ta, Zn, Sb, Ba, Sc and Se, in the Wuxi fallen ice were determined by neutron activation analysis. The experimental results show that the relative concentration ratios of Ir/Co, Ir/Cr and Ir/Sc etc. in the ice water (0.0069, 0.00024 and 0.11, respectively) are quite close to those of Type C1 chondrite (0.0102, 0.00021 and 0.092, respectively), which implies that the fallen ice might be a piece of extraterrestrial substance.
Abstract
The effects of cisplatin and its trans isomer transplatin on the thermal denaturation of G-actin were studied with a Micro DSC-III differential scanning calorimeter. The denaturation enthalpy of G-actin was found to be 12 J g–1, and the denaturation temperature was 328 K. The thermal denaturation curve showed that increasing cisplatin concentration decreased the enthalpy change. However, after the ratio of cisplatin to G-actin attained 8:1 (mol:mol), the denaturation enthalpy no longer decreased. Transplatin decreased the enthalpy change more rapidly. In contrast with cisplatin, the denaturation peak at 328 K disappeared, and a strong exothermic peak appeared at 341 K when the ratio of transplatin to G-actin was 8:1 (mol:mol). The enthalpy change was 75 J g–1, which is far in excess of the range of weak interactions. This strong exothermic phenomenon probably reflects the agglutination of protein. The effects of cisplatin and transplatin on the number of the free thiol groups of G-actin are discussed.
Abstract
Two compounds of antimony trichloride and bismuth trichloride with valine are synthesized by solid phase synthesis at room temperature. Their compositions, determined by element analysis, are Sb(C5H10O2N)3·2H2O and Bi(C5H10O2N)2Cl·0.5H2O. The crystal structure of antimony complex with valine belongs to triclinic system and its lattice parameters are: a=0.9599 nm, b=1.5068 nm, c=1.9851 nm, α=92.270, β=95.050, γ=104.270. The crystal structure of bismuth complex with valine belongs to monoclinic system and its lattice parameters are: a=1.6012 nm, b=1.8941 nm, c=1.839 nm, β=99.73°. The far-infrared spectra and infrared spectra show that the amino group and carboxyl of valine may be coordinated to antimony and bismuth, respectively, in two compounds. The TG-DSC results also reveal that the complexes were formed.
Abstract
A series of PA-TD mixtures were prepared and their thermal properties were studied by DSC and thermal conductivity measurement. The phase diagram of the binary system was constructed, which showed an eutectic behavior for the solid-liquid equilibrium line. The eutectic composition of the binary system was at the mass fraction of TD near 0.7 with an eutectic temperature of about 29°C. At TD side, PA was partially miscible in the TD solid matrix and the solid phase transition of TD had an effect on the solidus line. The eutectic composition mixture could be viewed as a new phase change material with large thermal energy storage capacity.
Abstract
The effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) on the phase change enthalpy (ΔH) and the thermal conductivity (κ) of a solid-liquid phase change materials (PCM), palmitic acid (PA), have been investigated. The results showed that both the ΔH and the κ of the composite were lower than that of PA when the loading of MWNTs was small. As the concentration of MWNTs in the composites increased, the ΔH of the composites was slightly improved and then decreased linearly. However, the κ of the composites was monotonously increased from the minimum value. When the loading of MWNTs increased to 5% and no surfactant was added, the κ of the composite was enhanced to be 26% higher than that of PA. The κ of the composite could be enhanced by CTAB instead of SDBS when the loading of MWNTs was small, as SDBS showed no obvious effect on the κ of the composites. Furthermore, the effects of surface modification of MWNTs on the ΔH and the κ of the composites have also been investigated.
