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- Author or Editor: L. Santos x
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Abstract
Chemical composition of oils and fats used in the biodiesel synthesis can influence in processing and storage conditions, due to the presence of unsaturated fatty acids. An important point is the study of the biodiesel thermal stability to evaluate its quality using thermal analysis methods. In this study the thermal stabilities of the poultry fat and of their ethyl (BEF) and methyl (BMF) biodiesels were determined with the use of thermogravimetry (TG/DTG), differential thermal analysis (DTA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), in different atmospheres. The TG/DTG curves of the poultry fat in synthetic air presented three decomposition steps while only one step was observed in nitrogen (N2) atmosphere. The DSC results indicated four exothermic enthalpic transitions in synthetic air and an endothermic transitions in N2 atmosphere attributed to the combustion process and to the volatilization and/or decomposition of the fatty acids, respectively. For both biodiesels the TG/DTG curves in air indicated two mass loss steps. In the DSC curves four exothermic transitions were observed in synthetic air besides an endothermic one in N2 atmosphere.
Abstract
Biodiesel has the advantage of being renewable and clean and for these reasons has been studied recently both academically and in industry. Research in this area is focused on developing new synthetic routes to obtain a purer product or to find new alternative sources of food to replace conventional oils. Papaya biodiesel is obtained from oily residues with a fatty acid composition similar to olive oil. It is generally discarded by the ton, considering that Brazil is the world’s largest producer of papaya with an annual output of 1,811 million tons, productivity of 52 t/hectare and domestic consumption at 86.5%. This study was designed by means of thermal analysis (TG, DSC, P-DSC, and MT-DSC), to verify the possibility of achieving high quality biodiesel, with oxidative stability and flow properties previously indicated by composition analysis of its fatty esters, physical–chemical properties (including oxidative stability) using classical methodology, recommended by ASTM D 6756.
Abstract
The standard molar enthalpies of formation of crystalline dialkyldithiocarbamates chelates, [Pd(S2CNR2)2], with R=C2H5, n-C3H7, n-C4H9 and i-C4H9, were determined through reaction-solution calorimetry in acetone, at 298.15 K. From the standard molar enthalpies of formation of the gaseous chelates, the homolytic (172.43.8, 182.53.2,150.93.1 and 162.63.1 kJ mol−1) and heterolytic (745.03.8, 803.73.3,834.33.1 and 735.23.0 kJ mol−1) mean palladium-sulphur bond-dissociation enthalpies were calculated.
Abstract
Biodiesel is susceptible to autoxidation if exposed to air, light and temperature, during its storage. Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) seeds show potential application for biodiesel production since its oil yields high quality biodiesel. This work aims to evaluate the thermal behavior of the physic nut oil and biodiesel, from several Brazilian crops, by means of thermoanalytical techniques. Thermogravimetry (TG) and pressurized-differential scanning calorimetry (PDSC) were used in order to determine the applicability of physic nut biodiesel as fuel. Results suggest that physic nut biodiesel is a practical alternative as renewable and biodegradable fuel able to be used in diesel motors.
Abstract
In this work, the synthesis of Nd-doped SrSnO3 by the polymeric precursor method, with calcination between 250 and 700 °C is reported. The powder precursors were characterized by TG/DTA and high temperature X-ray diffraction (HTXRD). After heat treatment, the material was characterized by XRD and infrared spectroscopy. Ester and carbonate amounts were strictly related to Nd-doping. According to XRD patterns, the orthorhombic perovskite was obtained at 700 °C for SrSnO3 and SrSn0.99Nd0.01O3. For Sr0.99Nd0.01SnO3, the kinetics displayed an important hole in the crystallization process, as no peak was observed in HTXRD up to 700 °C, while a XRD patterns showed a crystalline material after calcination at 250 °C.
Abstract
In this study undoped and Cr, Sb or Mo doped TiO2 were synthesized by polymeric precursor method and characterized by X-ray diffraction, UV–VIS spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy and thermogravimetry (TG). The TG curves showed a continuous mass loss assigned to the hydroxyl elimination and Cr6+ reduction. Doped TiO2 samples showed a higher mass loss assigned to water and gas elimination at lower temperatures. In these doped materials a decrease in the anatase–rutile phase transition temperature was observed. After calcination at 1,000 °C, rutile was obtained as a single phase material without the presence of Cr6+.
