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This study was designed to test the hypothesis that a medium-term simulated microgravity by tail-suspension (SUS) induces hypertrophic and atrophic changes in the common carotid artery and abdominal aorta with their innermost smooth muscle (SM) layers being most profoundly affected. The second purpose was to elucidate whether vascular local renin-angiotensin system (L-RAS) plays an important role in the differential remodeling of the two kinds of large arteries by examining the gene and protein expression of angiotensinogen (A O ) and angiotensin II receptor type 1 (AT1R) and their localization in the vessel wall. The results showed that SUS induced an increase in the media thickness of the common carotid artery due to hypertrophy of the four SM layers and a decrease in the total cross-sectional area of the nine SM layers of the abdominal aorta without significant change in its media thickness. Irrespective of the nature of remodeling, the most prominent changes were in the innermost layers. Immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization, Western blot, and real time quantitative PCR analysis revealed that SUS induced an up- and down-regulation in A O and AT1R expression in the common carotid artery and abdominal aorta, respectively. In conclusion, our findings have demonstrated some special features in the structural adaptation of large elastic arteries due to a medium-term simulated microgravity.
Abstract
The migration of 99Tc in a weak loess aquifer was investigated in-situ with undisturbed aquifer medium columns. The columns were obtained horizontally at a depth of 32
36 m in an Underground Research Facility (URF). Quartz containing 3H (HTO) and 99Tc (in the form of 99TcO4
-) was introduced into one end of the columns and the columns were covered tightly. Aquifer water was introduced into the columns directly from an experimental shaft in the UFR. Effluents from the columns were collected and the activity of 3H and 99Tc were determined with a liquid scintillation analyzer. The breakthrough curves of 3H and 99Tc indicate that 99Tc migrates a little faster than that 3H does in the aquifer.
Abstract
The (R)-BINOL-menthyl dicarbonates, one of the most important compounds in catalytic asymmetric synthesis, was synthesized by a convenient method. The molar heat capacities C p,m of the compound were measured over the temperature range from 80 to 378 K with a small sample automated adiabatic calorimeter. Thermodynamic functions [H T–H 298.15] and [S T–S 298.15] were derived in the above temperature range with a temperature interval of 5 K. The thermal stability of the substance was investigated by differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and a thermogravimetric (TG) technique.
Gliadin is a main component of gluten proteins that affect functional properties of bread making and contributes to the viscous nature of doughs. In this study, thirteen novel ω-gliadin genes were identified in several Triticum species, which encode the ARH-, ATDand ATN-type proteins. Two novel types of ω-gliadins: ATD- and ATN- have not yet been reported. The lengths of 13 sequences were ranged from 927 to 1269 bp and the deduced mature proteins were varied from 309 to 414 residues. All 13 genes were pseudogenes because of the presence of internal stop codons. The primary structure of these ω-gliadin genes included a signal peptide, a conserved N-terminal domain, a repetitive domain and a conserved C-terminus. In this paper, we first characterize ω-gliadin genes from T. timopheevi ssp. timopheevi and T. timopheevi ssp. araraticum. The ω-gliadin gene variation and the evolutionary relationship of ω-gliadin family genes were also discussed.
Abstract
Nattokinase (NK) is effective in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease. Cucumber is rich in nutrients with low sugar content and is safe for consumption. The aim of this study was to construct a therapeutic cucumber that can express NK, which can prevent and alleviate cardiovascular diseases by consumption. Because the Bitter fruit (Bt) gene contributes to bitter taste but has no obvious effect on the growth and development of cucumber, so the NK-producing cucumber was constructed by replacing the Bt gene with NK by using CRISPR/Cas9. The pZHY988-Cas9-sgRNA and pX6-LHA-U6-NK-T-RHA vectors were constructed and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA105, which was transformed into cucumber by floral dip method. The crude extract of NK-producing cucumber had significant thrombolytic activity in vitro. In addition, treatment with the crude extract significantly delayed thrombus tail appearance, and the thrombin time of mice was much longer than that of normal mice. The degrees of coagulation and blood viscosity as well as hemorheological properties improved significantly after crude extract treatment. These findings show that NK-producing cucumber can effectively alleviate thrombosis and improve blood biochemical parameters, providing a new direction for diet therapy against cardiovascular diseases.
Low-temperature heat capacities and standard molar enthalpy of formation of the complex
Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) (Val=L-α-valine)
Abstract
Low-temperature heat capacities of a solid complex Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) were measured by a precision automated adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range between 78 and 373 K. The initial dehydration temperature of the coordination compound was determined to be, T D=327.05 K, by analysis of the heat-capacity curve. The experimental values of molar heat capacities were fitted to a polynomial equation of heat capacities (C p,m) with the reduced temperatures (x), [x=f (T)], by least square method. The polynomial fitted values of the molar heat capacities and fundamental thermodynamic functions of the complex relative to the standard reference temperature 298.15 K were given with the interval of 5 K.
Enthalpies of dissolution of the [ZnSO4·7H2O(s)+Val(s)] (Δsol H m,l 0) and the Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) (Δsol H m,2 0) in 100.00 mL of 2 mol dm−3 HCl(aq) at T=298.15 K were determined to be, Δsol H m,l 0=(94.588±0.025) kJ mol−1 and Δsol H m,2 0=–(46.118±0.055) kJ mol−1, by means of a homemade isoperibol solution–reaction calorimeter. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound was determined as: Δf H m 0 (Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s), 298.15 K)=–(1850.97±1.92) kJ mol−1, from the enthalpies of dissolution and other auxiliary thermodynamic data through a Hess thermochemical cycle. Furthermore, the reliability of the Hess thermochemical cycle was verified by comparing UV/Vis spectra and the refractive indexes of solution A (from dissolution of the [ZnSO4·7H2O(s)+Val(s)] mixture in 2 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid) and solution A’ (from dissolution of the complex Zn(Val)SO4·H2O(s) in 2 mol dm−3 hydrochloric acid).
Abstract
A novel double 
-diketone 1,6-bis(1
-phenyl-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrazol-4-yl) hexanedione-[1,6] (BPMOPH) was further studied on its coordination compounds with uranium and thorium, respectively. The IR, UV, and1H-NMR spectra were examined, and the proposed structure is discussed.
Abstract
By substututing99Mo for the Mo in the reconstituted MoFe protein, the nuclear quadrupole interactions (NQI) of99Mo have been measured using the perturbed angular correlations (PAC). Two well-defined electric quadrupole interaction parameters have been observed. The configuration of the M-Center of the MoFe protein is identified by the quadrupole couplign constant 
Q1(412(9)MHz) and the asymmetry parameter 
1(0.49(5)). Other parameters, VQ2(1939(13)MHz) and
1(0.90(1)), may correspond to a deformation M—Center of MoFe protein.
Abstract
Abstract
The complex of [Nd(BA)3bipy]2 (BA = benzoic acid; bipy = 2,2′-bipyridine) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and TG/DTG techniques. The crystal is monoclinic with space group P2(1)/n. The two–eight coordinated Nd3+ ions are linked together by four bridged BA ligands and each Nd3+ ion is further bonded to one chelated bidentate BA ligand and one 2,2′-bipyridine molecule. The thermal decomposition process of the title complex was discussed by TG/DTG and IR techniques. The non-isothermal kinetics was investigated by using double equal-double step method. The kinetic equation for the first stage can be expressed as dα/dt = A exp(−E/RT)(1 − α). The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH ≠, ΔG ≠, and ΔS ≠) and kinetic parameters (activation energy E and pre-exponential factor A) were also calculated.
