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- Author or Editor: A. Souza x
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Abstract
The growing petroleum deficit requires the development of alternative fuel sources. Biodiesel is a good alternative, as it is a biodegradable and renewable product, which obeys the carbon cycle. In this work, the biodiesel from babassu was synthesized using the methanol route, and characterized by physico-chemical analyses in order to make able the investigated biodiesel to fulfill with its properties the requirements of Brazilian National Agency for Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuel (ANP). Besides gas chromatography, IR spectroscopy experiments and thermoanalytical measurements in air and in nitrogen were done to determine the main thermal decomposition processes and calorimetric events. The evaporation temperature of babassu biodiesel was similar in both atmospheres, started around 52 in air and around 60C in nitrogen.
Abstract
SnO2-based materials are used as sensors, catalysts and in electro–optical devices. This work aims to synthesize and characterize the SnO2/Sb2O3-based inorganic pigments, obtained by the polymeric precursor method, also known as Pechini method (based on the metallic citrate polymerization by means of ethylene glycol). The precursors were characterized by thermogravimetry (TG) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). After characterization, the precursors were heat-treated at different temperatures and characterized by X-ray diffraction. According to the TG/DTA curves basically two-step mass loss process was observed: the first one is related to the dehydration of the system; and the second one is representative to the combustion of the organic matter. Increase of the heat treatment temperature from 500 to 600C and 700C resulted higher crystallinity of the formed product.
Abstract
The present work investigates the influence of milling and calcination atmosphere on the thermal decomposition of SrTiO3 powder precursors. Both pure and neodymium-modified SrTiO3 samples were studied. Milling did not significantly influence numerical mass loss value, but reduced the number of decomposition steps, modifying the profiles of the TG and DTA curves. On the other hand, milling increases the amount of energy liberated by the system upon combustion of organic matter. It was also observed that the milling process, associated to the calcination in an oxygen atmosphere, considerably decreases the amount of organic matter and increases the final mass loss temperature.
Abstract
Because of their electrical, magnetic and catalytic properties rare earth and transition metal mixed oxides are important compounds. Lanthanum chromites have been extensively used as solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) interconnect materials. In this work, lanthanum chromites partially substituted by alkaline earth metals were synthesized by the urea combustion process. TG and DSC techniques were used to evaluate the presence of the organic material in the powder after reaction on the hot plate. The powders were calcinated at 900C and characterized by XRD and SEM. The results show that the particles have nanometric dimensions and the perovskite structure was formed.
Abstract
Polyethylene/montmorillonite clay nanocomposites were obtained via direct melt intercalation. The clay was organically modified with four different types of quaternary ammonium salts. The objective of this work is to study the use of montmorillonite clay in the production of nanocomposites by means on rheological, mechanical and crystallization properties of nanocomposites and to compare to the properties of the matrix and PE/unmodified clay nanocomposites. In general, the tensile test showed that the yield strength and modulus of the nanocomposites are close to the pure PE. Apparently, the mixture with Dodigen salt seems to be more stable than the pure PE and PE/unmodified clay.
Abstract
The kinetic and thermodynamic study of synthetic lubricant oils was accomplished in this work, using isothermal and non-isothermal thermogravimetry based on mass loss as a function of time and temperature. The thermodynamic and kinetic behavior of the synthetic lubricant oils depends on atmosphere and heating rates used in TG analysis. The kinetic and thermodynamic results were satisfactory, presenting good correlation.
Thermal decomposition of lanthanide(III) complexes with 4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione
Photoluminescent properties and kinetic study
Abstract
The complexes of general formula Ln(btfa)3L, where Ln=Eu or Tb, btfa=4,4,4-trifluoro-1-phenyl-1,3-butanedione, L=1,10-phenanthroline (phen) or 2,2-bipyridine (bipy), were synthesized by reacting the corresponding metal chloride with the proper β-diketone and the other ligand. The complexes were obtained in the powder form and were characterized by photoluminescence and TG. Their thermal decomposition was studied by non-isothermal thermogravimetric techniques. The Eu(btfa)3bipy complex presented the highest thermal stability and it melts before being decomposed. The complex Eu(btfa)3phen presented the largest activation energy for a heating rate of 5C min–1.
Abstract
Thermogravimetry (TG) and mass spectrometry (MS) combined techniques have been used to investigate the thermal degradation and catalytic decomposition of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) over solid acid catalysts as H-ZSM-5, Al-MCM-41 and a hybrid material with a bimodal pore size distribution (H-ZSM-5/Al-MCM-41). The silicon/aluminum ratio of all catalysts is 15. Both thermal and catalytic processes showed total conversion in a single mass loss step. Furthermore, the catalytic conversion presents average reduction of 27.4%, in the onset decomposition temperature. The kinetic parameters were calculated using non-isothermal method. These parameters do not indicate significant differences between the thermal and catalytic processes. Even though, the presence of the catalysts changes the reaction mechanism, from phase boundary controlled reaction to random nucleation mechanism. Important difference in distribution of evolved products was detected when several catalysts were used. However, in all cases the main products were alkanes (C2, C3 and C4), alkenes (C3 and C4), dienes (C4 and C5) and traces of aromatic compounds.
Abstract
The compounds [Fe(bda)(CO)2L] and [Fe(ch)(CO)2L], (bda=benzylideneacetone; ch=chalcone; L=CO, PPh3) were investigated by thermogravimetry and derivative thermogravimetry (TG and DTG). The fragmentation patterns suggest that the iron atom protects the enone fragment, so that the organic ligands break up with the loss of the pendant aromatic rings.
Abstract
The application of Mössbauer spectroscopy, X-ray diffractometry, thermogravimetric analysis and PIXE in the characterization of the particulate matter in atmospheric aerosols in Metropolitan Region of Vitória (MRV), Brazil have been investigated. The main sources of particulate matter, natural, industrial and antropogenic from human activities, have been studied to identify its contribution in the atmospheric particles. During the years 1995 to 1999 samples of total suspended particles (TSP, Ø 
100 
m) were collected from four points within MRV. The inhalable particles (PM10 Ø 10 m) and sedimented particles (SP) were also collected from the same region. A receptor modeling was used for the identification of the source of particulate matter in the collected urban aerosol.
