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- Author or Editor: X. Wang x
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Abstract
Renal injury is reported to have a high mortality rate. Additionally, there are several limitations to current conventional treatments that are used to manage it. This study evaluated the protective effect of hesperidin against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R)-induced kidney injury in rats. Renal injury was induced by generating I/R in kidney tissues. Rats were then treated with hesperidin at a dose of 10 or 20 mg/kg intravenously 1 day after surgery for a period of 14 days. The effect of hesperidin on renal function, serum mediators of inflammation, and levels of oxidative stress in renal tissues were observed in rat kidney tissues after I/R-induced kidney injury. Moreover, protein expression and mRNA expression in kidney tissues were determined using Western blotting and RT-PCR. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was done for histopathological observation of kidney tissues. The data suggest that the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine in the serum of hesperidin-treated rats were lower than in the I/R group. Treatment with hesperidin also ameliorated the altered level of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress in I/R-induced renal-injured rats. The expression of p-IκBα, caspase-3, NF-κB p65, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) protein, TLR-4 mRNA, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) was significantly reduced in the renal tissues of hesperidin-treated rats. Histopathological findings also revealed that treatment with hesperidin attenuated the renal injury in I/R kidney-injured rats. In conclusion, our results suggest that hesperidin protects against renal injury induced by I/R by involving TLR-4/NF-κB/iNOS signaling.
Aegiolops kotschyi cytoplasmic male sterile system often results in part of haploid plants in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). To elucidate the origin of haploid, 235 wheat microsatellite (SSR) primers were randomly selected and screened for polymorphism between haploid (2n = 3x = 21 ABD) and its parents, male-sterile line YM21 (2n = 6x = 42 AABBDD) and male fertile restorer YM2 (2n = 6x = 42 AABBDD). About 200 SSR markers yielded clear bands from denatured PAGE, of which 180 markers have identifiable amplification patterns, and 20 markers (around 8%) resulted in different amplification products between the haploid and the restorer, YM2. There were no SSR markers that were found to be distinguishable between the haploid and the male sterile line YM21. In addition, different distribution of HMW-GS between endosperm and seedlings from the same seeds further confirmed that the haploid genomes were inherited from the maternal parent. After haploidization, 1.7% and 0.91% of total sites were up- and down-regulated exceeding twofold in the shoot and the root of haploid, respectively, and most of the differentially expressed loci were up/down-regulated about twofold. Out of the sensitive loci in haploid, 94 loci in the shoot, 72 loci in the root can be classified into three functional subdivisions: biological process, cellular component and molecular function, respectively.
To comprehensively understand the genetic basis of plant height (PH), quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis for internode lengths, internode component indices and plant height component index (PHCI) were firstly conducted in the present study. Two related F8:9 recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations comprising 485 and 229 lines were used. Two hundred and nine putative additive QTL for the eight traits were identified, 35 of which showed significance in at least three trials. Of these, at least 11 pairwise QTL were common to the two populations. PH components at the QTL level had different effects on PH, confirming our previous multivariate conditional analysis (Cui et al. 2011). Eleven major QTL that showed consistency in expression across environments should be of great value in the genetic improvement of PH in wheat. The results above will enhance the understanding of the genetic basis of PH in wheat.
Summary
The sorption and desorption of radionuclide 90Sr2+were investigated on untreated calcareous soil and two treated soils to remove organic matter and calcium carbonate using batch technique. The experiments were carried out at ambient condition, pH 7.8±0.1 and in the presence of 0.001M NaCl. Effects of fulvic acid and ionic strength on the sorption of 90Sr2+on calcareous soil were also studied. It was found that the sorption isotherms are linear in the strontium concentration range used herein, and the sorption of 90Sr2+on the calcareous soil can be described as a reversible sorption process and the sorption mechanism is mainly ion-exchange. The sorption is dependent on ionic strength, and fulvic acid enhances the sorption of 90Sr2+on calcareous soil. Organic matter present in the calcareous soil is a significant trap of 90Sr2+and is responsible for the sorption.
Abstract
The method of high-temperature hydrolysis separating fluorine from UF4 is described. The determination of the content of fluorine by different methods is performed and compared.
Abstract
Thermal decomposition of N,N′-diphenylguanidine (DPG) was investigated by simultaneous TG/DSC-FTIR techniques under nonisothermal conditions. Online FTIR measurements illustrate that aniline is a major product of DPG decomposition. The observation that the activation energy depends on the extent of conversion indicates that the DPG decomposition kinetics features multiple processes. The initial elimination of aniline from DPG involves two pathways because of the isomerization of DPG. Mass spectrometry and thin film chromatography suggest that there are two major intermediate products with the major one of C21N3H17. The most probable kinetic model deduced through multivariate nonlinear regression method agrees well with the experimental data with a correlation coefficient of 0.9998. The temperature-independent function of conversion f(α), activation energy E and the pre-exponential factor A of DPG decomposition was also established through model-fitting method in this research.
Abstract
The migration of 237Np in an undisturbed Chinese loess column was investigated by direct γ-ray method. The column was taken from a field test site and installed in a laboratory simulation hall. Radionuclide 237Np in the form of neptunium nitrate, mixed with quartz, was introduced into the column and covered with loess. Artificial rainfall was applied to the column for about 3 years and, the counting rates of 237Np in the column from 56 to 616 days at different vertical positions were detected with a γ-ray detection system. Based on the counting rates of 237Np in the simulation column at different vertical positions and the distance from the source layer, the relationship of the mass center of 237Np in the column at different experimental periods to the experimental time was established, C m = 0.36 log(t)-2.75. Here C m is the mass center of 237Np in the column, cm, and t is the experimental time in days. Based on this relationship, the mass center of 237Np for the 1,073-day experiment was predicted and compared to that obtained with the final destructive method. The good agreement between the prediction and the experimental values indicates that the direct γ-ray method could be used to predict the migration of strongly adsorbed radionuclides such as 237Np in environmental media with the help of laboratory simulation columns.
The aerial surface of land plants is protected by a cuticle against abiotic and biotic stresses. A better understanding of the determinants of cuticle formation and function has the potential to contribute to the breeding of more drought tolerant and disease resistant crop varieties. Two doubled haploid (DH) mapping populations, Steptoe × Morex populations and OWB-dominant × recessive populations were exploited to genetically position homologs of a set of known cuticle-associated genes. These genes were also placed on a consensus map, BinMap2005, which includes 27 eceriferum (cer) loci. Of the 49 known cuticle-associated genes, 21 identified a homolog in barley, and of these, 14 were mapped. There was a complete linkage between HvCER6 and cer-zg, suggesting the possibility that HvCER6 is the candidate gene of CER-ZG. Positioning known cuticle-associated genes on a consensus map containing cuticle mutant loci may guide the selection of candidate genes for cuticle mutants, and thus facilitate the isolation of cuticle-associated genes in barley.
Abstract
The residual fluorine in ammonium uranyl tricarbonate (AUC) cannot be removed, while a large part of residual fluorine in ammonium diuranate (ADU) can be removed, when AUC and ADU are decomposed and reduced under dry hydrogen atmosphere. UO2 was prepared by decomposing and reducing AUC and ADU in dry hydrogen atmosphere. The defluorination kinetics of UO2 at 500–700°C in atmosphere of 50% H2-50% H2O was investigated. The results show that the defluorination kinetics supports the Lindman's assertion that the residual fluorine forms a solid-solution in UO2.
Summary
Adsorption microcalorimetry has been employed to study the interaction of ethylene with the reduced and oxidized Pt-Ag/SiO2catalysts with different Ag contents to elucidate the modified effect of Ag towards the hydrocarbon processing on platinum catalysts. In addition, microcalorimetric adsorption of H2, O2, CO and FTIR of CO adsorption were conducted to investigate the influence of Ag on the surface structure of Pt catalyst. It is found from the microcalorimetric results of H2and O2adsorption that the addition of Ag to Pt/SiO2leads to the enrichment of Ag on the catalyst surface which decreases the size of Pt surface ensembles of Pt-Ag/SiO2catalysts. The microcalorimetry and FTIR of CO adsorption indicates that there still exist sites for linear and bridged CO adsorption on the surface of platinum catalysts simultaneously although Ag was incorporated into Pt/SiO2. The ethylene microcalorimetric results show that the decrease of ensemble size of Pt surface sites suppresses the formation of dissociative species (ethylidyne) upon the chemisorption of C2H4on Pt-Ag/SiO2. The differential heat vs. uptake plots for C2H4adsorption on the oxygen-preadsorbed Pt/SiO2and Pt-Ag/SiO2catalysts suggest that the incorporation of Ag to Pt/SiO2could decrease the ability for the oxidation of C2H4.
