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- Author or Editor: X. Wang x
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Abstract
This article presents results of the experimental investigation on the adsorption of the water vapor on silica gel. Two independent experimental methods has been used, viz. the constant-volume-variable-pressure (CVVP) system and variable pressure thermogravimetry (TG). Results from these two methods are compared with each other. Also the isosteric heat of adsorption of this system has been determined from the equilibrium data. The silica gels investigated here are Fuji Davison type 'A' and type 'RD'. Adsorption isotherm of water vapor have been measured under a variety of conditions all referring to chiller operation cycles, i.e. temperatures from 303 to 358 K and pressures from 500 to 7000 Pa. The data collected from the two independent experiments compare very favorably with each other and their trends are consistent with those of the adsorption chiller manufacturer. This lends significant weight to our experimental data on silica gel+water systems as being valuable to the adsorption chiller manufacturers and the scientific community.
Abstract
TA/MS (thermal analysis coupled with mass spectrometry) was applied to the pyrolysis of Chinese coals with different ranks. A total of 13 Chinese coals were investigated. The samples were deliberately chosen to represent the 13 types of Chinese coals according to the Chinese coal classification system. The experiments were carried out in an argon atmosphere with a flow rate of 150 ml min-1. The samples were heated from 40 up to 1200C with a constant heating rate of 10 k min-1. The main evolved pyrolysis products were identified through the on-line recorded mass spectra. The thermal and evolution behavior was compared between the coals. The results showed a strong thermal and evaluation behavior dependence on the coal rank. Different aliphatic fragments and also some aromatic substances, which are of environmental concern (BTX, PAHs), were found to be released depending on the different types of coal.
Abstract
A simple operation mode to determine the apparent activation energy E a is introduced. E a can be determined with a double-curve method by using a constant reaction rate (CRR) approach of Hi-Res TG. The most appropriate mechanism function f(α) and frequency factor A are determined by a single-curve method when the activation energies provided by the two methods are in good agreement with each other. The deacetylation of EVA copolymer has been used for illustration. Advantages of the CRR are discussed.
Abstract
Thermal and structural changes of lanthanum hexacyanocobaltate(III) pentahydrate, La[Co(CN)6]⋅5H2O were investigated by means of thermal analysis, visible electronic spectra, IR, powder X-ray diffraction, EXAFS and TG-MS. The dehydration of La[Co(CN)6]⋅5H2O proceeded reversibly through three steps and steps corresponded to the losses of H2O, 3H2O and H2O, and the enthalpy changes for these steps were 51.3, 211.0 and 38.7 kJ mol−1, respectively. After the dehydration, the colour of the anhydride changed from white to blue around 290C and an abrupt mass loss occurred at 350C. The colour change seems to be attributable to the change of coordination geometry around the Co ions from an octahedral structure to a tetrahedral one. LnCoO3 was obtained as a final product by heating the sample to 1000C.
Abstract
In this paper studies on the oscillation regularity of the classical B–Z reaction system, and the calorimetric curves of the reaction system measured at three temperatures, 25, 27 and 29°C are described. A new way is presented for studying the regularity properties of chemical oscillation phenomena from the viewpoint of reaction heat effects.
Abstract
The thermal behaviors of four organic solvents with/without LiPF6 were measured by C80 microcalorimeter at a 0.2�C min−1 heating rate. With the addition of 1 M LiPF6, the ethylene carbonate (EC) and propylene carbonate (PC) show the exothermic peaks at elevated temperature, which lessen their stabilities. The exothermic peak temperatures of EC and PC based LiPF6 solutions are at 212 and 223�C, respectively, in argon filled vessel. However, two endothermic peak temperatures were detected in diethyl carbonate (DEC) based LiPF6 solution at 182 and 252.5�C, respectively, in argon filled vessel. Dimethyl carbonate (DMC) based LiPF6 solution shows two endothermic peak temperatures at 68.5 and 187�C in argon filled vessel at elevated temperature. Consequently, it is concluded that LiPF6 play a key role in the thermal behavior of its organic solution.
Summary
Cyanocobalamin (CNCbl), a kind of vitamin B12 (cobalamin, Cbl), which has a special binding capability to rapid dividing cells and proliferating tissue, especially tumors, has been modified and labeled by 99mTc. The optimal labeling condition was determined, and the biodistribution of 99mTc-DTPA-b-CNCbl both in normal mice and TA2 mice bearing MA891 mammary tumors were studied. 99mTc-DTPA-b-CNCbl showed low uptake and rapid clearance in nontarget tissues, and renal excretion. About 40% of uptake at 1 hour remained in the tumor at 12 hours p.i. The satisfying ratio of T/NT was acquired at 6 hours p.i.
Summary
The organometallic precursor fac-[99mTc(CO)3(H2O)3]+ was reacted with N-ethoxy, N-ethyl dithiocarbamate (NOET) in phosphate buffered saline (pH 7.4) at room temperature for 30 minutes to produce the 99mTc(CO)3-NOET complex. The radiochemical purity (RCP) of the product was over 90% as measured by thin layer chromatography (TLC). No decomposition of the complex at room temperature (RT) was observed over a period of 6 hours. Its partition coefficient indicated that it was a lipophilic complex. The biodistribution comparison in mice of the 99mTc(CO)3-NOET complex and the 99mTcN-NOET complex showed that the former had a lower heart and brain uptake as compared to that of the latter, suggesting the incorporation of the [99mTc(CO)3]+ core into the NOET ligand does not improve the biological features as a myocardial imaging agent.
Abstract
A method of efficiency calibration for the measurement of 88Kr and 138Xe by HPGe γ-spectrometer is proposed in the present paper. The question for the efficient calibration is, how to achieve homogeneous sources of 88Kr-88Rb and 138Xe-138Cs. The fission product gases were obtained by irradiating a precisely measured amount of U3O8 (90% 235U) filled in a quartz glass ampoule. Source cell was first filled up with stearic acid, and then the fission product gases were charged into it. Xenon and krypton are not adsorbed on stearic acid, therefore, homogeneous sources of 88Kr-88Rb and 138Xe-138Cs can be prepared. The results of the experiment demonstrate that the method is feasible and successful.
Summary
The effects of bentonite density and fulvic acid on the sorption and diffusion of 90Sr2+in compacted bentonite were investigated by using a capillary method. The experiments were carried out at pH 7.0±0.1 in the presence of 0.01M NaClO4. The results suggest that the sorption and diffusion of 90Sr2+in compacted bentonite decreases with increasing the density of compacted bentonite. The presence of FA enhances the sorption of Sr2+, but reduces the diffusion of Sr2+in compacted bentonite. The porosity of the compacted bentonite plays an important role in the sorption and diffusion behavior of 90Sr2+. Using the calculated effective diffusion coefficients the long-term relative concentration distribution of strontium was evaluated in compacted bentonite.
