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- Author or Editor: Y. Chen x
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An efficient and sensitive analytical method based on precolumn derivatization and gas chromatography—mass spectrometry—selected ion monitoring (GC—MS—SIM) was proposed and validated for analysis of two cembrenediols (CBDs) which are α-cembrenediol and β-cembrenediol in tobacco samples. CBDs in tobacco samples were extracted by sonication with 50 mL dichloromethane for 10 min before derivatized with 2:3 (v/v) bis(trimethylsilyl)trifluoroacetamide (BSTFA)—pyridine at 20 °C for 100 min. CBDs’ level in tobacco samples was analyzed by GC—MS—SIM and quantified by the internal standard method. The linear range for α-CBD and β-CBD was 13.6–554.6 μg mL−1 and 4.11–162.6 μg mL−1, and the correlation coefficients of both were 0.9998. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of α-cembrenediol and β-cembrenediol were 0.40 μg g−1 and 1.34 μg g−1, and 0.27 μg g−1 and 0.90 μg g−1, respectively. Average recoveries of α-CBD and β-CBD were 94.4–99.9% and 91.9–98.2% while the relative standard deviations (RSDs, n = 5) were ranged from 2.67 to 5.6% and 2.04 to 4.22%, respectively. This proposed analytical method has been successfully applied to analyze CBDs in tobacco samples.
Abstract
Using isothermal microcalorimetry, the growth power-time curves of three strains of Tetrahymena were determined at 28C. Their Euclidean distances and cluster analysis diagram were obtained by using two thermokinetic parameters (r and Q log), which showed that T. thermophila BF1 and T. thermophila BF5 had a closer relationship. Compared with the single molecular biomarker (ITS1) method, microcalorimetry wasmaybe a simpler, more sensitive andmore economic technique in the phylogenetic studies of Tetrahymena species.
Aegilops sharonensis (Sharon goatgrass) is a valuable source of novel high molecular weight glutenin subunits, resistance to wheat rust, powdery mildew, and insect pests. In this study, we successfully hybridized Ae. sharonensis as the pollen parent to common wheat and obtained backcross derivatives. F1 intergeneric hybrids were verified using morphological observation and cytological and molecular analyses. The phenotypes of the hybrid plants were intermediate between Ae. sharonensis and common wheat. Observations of mitosis in root tip cells and meiosis in pollen mother cells revealed that the F1 hybrids possessed 28 chromosomes. Chromosome pairing at metaphase I of the pollen mother cells in the F1 hybrid plants was low, and the meiotic configuration was 25.94 I + 1.03 II (rod). Two pairs of primers were screened out from 150 simple sequence repeat markers, and primer WMC634 was used to identified the presence of the genome of Ae. sharonensis. Sequencing results showed that the F1 hybrids contained the Ssh genome of Ae. sharonensis. The sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis profile showed that the alien high molecular weight glutenin subunits of Ae. sharonensis were transferred into the F1 and backcross derivatives. The new wheat-Ae. sharonensis derivatives that we have produced will be valuable for increasing resistance to various diseases of wheat and for improving the quality of bread wheat.
The waxy wheat shows special starch quality due to high amylopectin content. However, little information is available concerning the development and degradation of amyloplast from waxy wheat endosperm. To address this problem, waxy wheat variety, Yangnuo 1, and a non-waxy wheat variety, Yangmai 13, were chosen to investigate the development and degradation of endosperm amyloplast during wheat caryopsis development and germination stage respectively using histochemical staining and light microscopy. Changes of morphology, the soluble sugar and total starch content were indistinguishable in the process of caryopsis development of two wheat varieties. The developing endosperm of non-waxy was stained blue-black by I2-KI while the endosperm of waxy wheat was stained reddish-brown, but the pericarp of waxy and non-waxy wheat was stained blue-black. In contrast to nonwaxy wheat, endosperm amyloplast of waxy wheat had better development status and higher proportion of small amyloplast. During seed germination many small dissolution pores appeared on the surface of endosperm amyloplast and the pores became bigger and deeper until amyloplast disintegrated. The rate of degradation of waxy wheat endosperm amyloplast was faster than non-waxy wheat. Our results may also be helpful to the use of waxy starch in food and nonfood industry.
Abstract
The characterization of different sized TiO2 (25 nm, 80 nm, and 155 nm) was carried out by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the micro-distributions of TiO2 in the olfactory bulb of mice after nasal inhalation were investigated by microbeam SRXRF mapping techniques. The results show that TiO2 particles can be translocated to the olfactory bulb through the olfactory nerve system after inhalation. The distributions of Fe, Cu, and Zn in the olfactory bulb were also studied.
Abstract
Excess molar enthalpies of binary mixtures for tributyl phosphate (TBP)+methanol/ethanol were measured with a TAM air Isothermal calorimeter at 298.15 K and ambient. The results for xTBP+(1–x)CH3OH are negative in the whole range of composition, while the values for xTBP+(1–x)C2H5OH change from positive values at low x to small negative values at high x. The experimental results have been correlated with the Redlich–Kister polynomial. IR spectra of the mixtures were measured to investigate the effect of hydrogen bonding in the mixture.
Photoinitiating behavior of macrophotoinitiator containing aminoalkylphenone group
Free-radical polymerization
Abstract
Photoinitiating behaviors of oligo(α-aminoketones) (OAK) macrophotoinitiator containing aminoalkylphenone group on free-radical photopolymerization had been investigated by differential photo-calorimetry (DPC). The macrophotoinitiator showed comparative performance with those commercial photoinitiators with lower molecular mass. The effect of photoinitiator concentrations and UV intensity on the polymerization rate was investigated, and the value of exponential factor was found to be 0.5 at the beginning of polymerization, suggesting that the photopolymerization initiated by OAK followed biradical termination mechanism. Photosensitizer isopropyl thioxanthone (ITX) and oxygen severely restricted the polymerization in these systems. Photoinitiators with lower molecular mass showed higher reactivity than those with higher molecular mass.
Abstract
The degradation and mineralization of dibutyl phthalate (DBP), one of endocrine disruptors, by g-ray irradiation were demonstrated. The degradation was enhanced by the effective energy conversion of g-rays to low-energy electrons and photons with the assistance of the interactions between g-rays and metals, which is especially in the case of high Z materials effective. Numerical simulations using EGS code supported the experimental results. Improvements of the energy conversion process are also suggested by controlling the shape of the metal and its spatial configuration in the DBP solution.
Abstract
A selective dopamine D1 antagonist, SCH 23390, is routinely labelled with C-11 at our institution for use in imaging dopamine D1 receptors in primate brain using positron emission tomography.However, little is known about the metabolism of this compound. In this report, a method is presented for the HPLC characterization of SCH 23390 and its possible metabolites in blood using a liquid-solid extraction technique. This procedure was applied to the analysis of blood samples collected at time intervals from rhesus monkeys after the injection of C-11-SCH 23390. About 4 minutes after injection, polar metabolite(s) were found in the circulation. However, the amounts detected would not be expected to interfere with the analysis of brain PET scans.
Abstract
Di-tert-butyl peroxide (DTBP) is an organic peroxide (OP) which has widespread use in the various chemical industries. In the past, thermal runaway reactions of OPs have been caused by their general thermal instability or by reactive incompatibility in storage or operation, which can create potential for thermal decomposition reaction. In this study, differential scanning calorimetry was applied to measure the heat of decomposition reactions, which can contribute to understand the reaction characteristics of DTBP. Vent sizing package 2 was also employed to evaluate rates of increase for temperature and pressure in decomposition reactions, and then the thermokinetic parameters of DTBP were estimated. Finally, hazard characteristics of the gassy system containing DTBP, specifically with respect to thermal criticality, were clearly identified.
