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- Author or Editor: A. Chin x
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Abstract
Let R be an associative ring with unit and let N(R) denote the set of nilpotent elements of R. R is said to be stronglyπ-regular if for each x∈R, there exist a positive integer n and an element y∈R such that x n=x n +1 y and xy=yx. R is said to be periodic if for each x∈R there are integers m,n≥ 1 such that m≠n and x m=x n. Assume that the idempotents in R are central. It is shown in this paper that R is a strongly π-regular ring if and only if N(R) coincides with the Jacobson radical of R and R/N(R) is regular. Some similar conditions for periodic rings are also obtained.
Abstract
High energy medical linear accelerators (>10 MV) are increasingly used in radiotherapy. At such high photon energies neutron production via photonuclear reactions in the heavy elements which compose the linac head is inevitable. Neutrons from linacs can contribute to an additional dose to staff, patients and the general public. Our intention is two-fold; to provide shielding against the neutron contamination and to establish the depthdose curve of thermal neutrons within human tissue, with an aim to utilise linacs in boron neuron capture therapy (BNCT). In our studies neutron measurements were undertaken, with a Varian Clinac 2100C/D linear accelerator operating at 15 MV nominal energy, by irradiating 18 cm thick 30×30 cm2 block of tissue equivalent material. Measurements were taken using indium and aluminum activation foil at the centre of the block. Our results show that by leaving the linac jaws open neutron production is increased compared to the case when these are shut, for one minute exposure at 400MU. In this work we present a comparison between our results and existing literature and attempt to explore some sharp contrasts.
Abstract
A laser-induced optical fiber fluorimetry has been reported for the analysis of ultralow level of uranium. The fluorescence spectrometer includes five major components: a pulsed nitrogen laser, optical fibers, an optrode, a detector, and a boxcar. The fluorescence intensity of uranyl ions is linear with respect to the concentration of uranium. The detection limit of uranium in 1M phosphoric acid is 24 ppb. This technique can be used for the remote, on-line measurement of low level uranium.
Abstract
Laser-induced optical fiber fluorimetry has been first used to analyze uranium(VI) concentration in the kinetic studies on the extraction of uranium(VI) between 0.5 mol/l H3PO4 solution and HDEHP-cyclohexane system with a Lewis cell. The effects of stirring speed, temperature and concentrations of uranium(VI) and HDEHP on the rate of extraction were examined. These data show that the extraction rate of uranium(VI) in this system is controlled by the chemical reaction at the interface. The rate equations and the rate constants of forward and reverse extraction are obtained. The mechanism of the extraction is discussed.
To determine the prevalence of wheat sensitivity in a randomly selected Australian population, a study was carried out on sera samples of the Geelong Osteoporosis Study (GOS) age-stratified cohorts of men and women who were randomly selected from electoral rolls for the Barwon Statistical Division (n = 1145). The human sera were analysed by ELISA-based method using the ImmunoCAP 100 instrument (Phadia, Sweden). IgE from human sera were bound to the wheat (f4) and milk (f2) allergens that have been previously coated on the ImmunoCAPs. The number of IgE wheat and milk RAST positive individuals was determined. In order to relate the increased IgE immuno-reactivity to allergen symptoms, a questionnaire was established and sent to the blood donors and 974 individuals responded. Of these (n = 974) 147 individuals (15.1%) reported symptoms caused by wheat consumption, 179 (15.6%) and 112 (9.8%) sera showed RAST positive results (IgE > 60 response units) in wheat and milk RAST tests, respectively. However, only 2.5% of those participants with symptoms related to wheat had positive IgE values indicating that the relationship is complex: a large proportion (12.7%) of the investigated population might suffer from other wheat related disorders (i.e. not IgE mediated), such as celiac disease, non-celiac reaction to gluten, reaction to fructans for those with irritable bowel syndrome as well as other factors. For the 13.2% who showed raised IgE antibody levels without symptoms we postulate that these individuals have latent wheat sensitivity with the potential of developing symptoms sooner or later.A comparative study to investigate the immune reactivity of human IgE against wheat and spelt antigens was carried out using the sera of 73 patients found to be RAST positive for wheat. Of these 63% (n = 50) showed a higher IgE immune reactivity against wheat, while 30% (n = 24) showed higher IgE response against spelt antigens, the remaining 7% have indifferent responses against both antigens. Since the provided Phadia wheat and spelt antigens used in this study originated from Europe, Australian wheat and spelt varieties were also used to prepare antigens in order to investigate the response of Australian sera to local wheats. It was found that the immune reactivity of IgE wheat positive sera from a normal Australian population is lower for spelts compared to wheats regardless of their origin but much lower against an Australian spelt containing a mutation in its expansin gene. Aclinical feeding trial would be necessary to confirm if this difference in immune reactivity between spelt and wheat is consistent with a difference in allergenicity.
