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- Author or Editor: D. Wang x
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Abstract
Radioiodination of tri-n-butylstannyl-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (TQNB) and N-succinimidyl-3-(tri-n-butylstannyl) benzoate (STB) was studied. STB was radiolabeled efficiently using iodogen to prepare radioactive N-succinimidyl-3- iodobenzoate (S125IB). TQNB was radioiodinated using Chloramine-T to obtain radioactive iodo-3-quinuclidinyl benzilate (125IQNB). Both S125IB and 125IQNB showed good stability at room temperature in the dark.
Abstract
Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic powder has been synthesized from metal nitrate solutions using the EDTA-gel method with different nitric acid/EDTA ratios. It was found that the thermal decomposition of the precursor was strongly affected by the nitric acid/EDTA ratio, the amount of sample, the atmosphere, and the heating rate. Crystallization of the perovskite PZT phase initiated at external temperatures as low as 250°C, as a result of the exothermic decomposition reaction of the nitrate-EDTA complexes. Possible reaction schemes are suggested and discussed to describe the thermal decomposition of PZT-EDTA precursors under different experimental conditions.
Abstract
A new compound cyclohexyl-t-butyldimethylammonium tetraphenylborate, [C6H11N(CH3)2(C(CH3)3)]BPh4 has been prepared, and its decomposition mechanism was studied by TG. The IR spectra of the products of thermal decomposition were examined at every stage. Kinetic analysis for the first stage of thermal decomposition process was obtained by TG and DTG curves, and kinetic parameters were obtained from the analysis of the TG-DTG curves with integral and differential equations. The most probable kinetic function was suggested by comparison of kinetic parameters.
Cytomixis has been described in many plant species, but not in Thinopyrum . The present study reports spontaneous cytomixis during microsporogenesis in Thinopyrum intermedium (2n = 42), Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 70), and their F 1 hybrids with wheat. Cytomixis frequently occurred in early prophase I but very rarely in meiosis II. The type of cytomixis that occurred most often was where chromatins migrate from one nucleus into an adjacent cel1. Migration from one nucleus into two or more cells or from two or more nuclei into one cel1 was also observed. After a donor cell transferred chromatin to a recipient cell, the recipient cell would sometimes pass the chromatin on to another cell. Migration did not necessarily occur between cells in the same stage. Cytomixis in Th. ponticum and its hybrids with wheat was more complex than that in Th. intermedium . The possible causes, cytological consequences and genetic significance of cytomixis are discussed.
Abstract
Raw chemicals such as metal nitrates and chlorides were found to affect the thermal decomposition behaviour of EDTA-gel precursors used for the production of ceramic powders. Fine, homogeneous ceramic powders were produced from nitrate solutions while chlorides gave segregated phases. In studies on the production of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) using chlorides, the segregation and loss of lead was observed and shown to be caused by the formation and evaporation of PbCl2. Thermal analysis (DTA/TG) quantitatively proved the suggested reaction mechanism for this phase segregation. Crystallization of the desired perovskite phase of lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and barium titanate (BT) initiated at temperatures as low as 250°C in the nitrate-EDTA precursors. Water of crystallization and formation of BaCO3 in the barium titanate precursor were suggested to account for differences in the observed decompositional behaviours of the BT and PZT precursors.
Abstract
In 1951, unsaturated prairie soil was contaminated with fission products and actinides. Fifty years later, in 2001, soil samples were collected from the contaminated site. This paper describes the techniques used to analyze these samples, including gamma-spectroscopy (GS) for 137Cs, neutron activation analysis (NAA/GS) for 238U, liquid scintillation counting (LSC) for 90Sr and inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS) for 238U and 113mCd. As expected, ICP-MS was found to have the lowest detection level, while the techniques were ranked in order of increasing uncertainty as GS, NAA/GS, ICP-MS and LSC.
Thioacetamide (TAA) is a potent hepatotoxicant in acute and chronic hepatic injury. The study examined the protective effect of sesame oil against TAA-induced hepatic injury in rats. Hepatic injury was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 100 mg/kg of TAA for 24 h. Triple doses of sesame oil (1, 2, or 4 mL/kg) was given orally 0, 6, and 12 h after TAA treatment. TAA significantly increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels. Sesame oil decreased serum AST and ALT levels and significantly inhibited hepatic lipid peroxidation and nitric oxide levels compared with TAA-alone group. Further, sesame oil significantly inhibited TAA-induced hepatic neutrophil activation marker myeloperoxidase activity. However, sesame oil did not affect hepatic tumor necrosis factor, IL-1β and IL-10 generation in TAA-treated group. In conclusion, sesame oil protects against TAA-induced hepatic injury and oxidative stress via the inhibition of neutrophil activation. However, inflammatory cytokines may not be involved in sesame-oil-associated hepatic protection against TAA in rats.
Abstract
The complex (C11H18NO)2CuCl4(s) was synthesized. Chemical analysis, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography were used to characterize the structure and composition of the complex. Low-temperature heat-capacities of the compound were measured by an adiabatic calorimeter in the temperature range from 77 to 400 K. A phase transition of the compound took place in the region of 297–368 K. Experimental molar heat-capacities were fitted to two polynomial equations of heat-capacities as a function of the reduced temperature by least square method. The peak temperature, molar enthalpy, and entropy of phase transition of the compound were calculated to be T trs = 354.214 ± 0.298 K, Δtrs H m = 76.327 ± 0.328 kJ mol−1, and Δtrs S m = 51.340 ± 0.164 J K−1 mol−1.
Although significant progress has been made on Agrobacterium -mediated wheat transformation, the current methodologies use immature embryos as recipient tissues, a process which is labor intensive, time consuming and expensive. In this study, we have managed to develop an Agrobacterium -based transformation scheme using explants derived from mature embryos. Based on transient expression of β -glucuronidase (GUS) marker, mature embryo halves prepared from freshly imbibed seeds were generally most susceptible to Agrobacterium -mediated T-DNA transfer. According to the results of callus induction and shoot production, Yumai 66 and Lunxuan 208 showed higher selection and regeneration efficiency than Bobwhite. In line with this finding, fertile T 0 transgenic plants were most readily obtained for both spring and winter wheat when mature embryo halves were used for co-inoculation by Agrobacterium cells. The presence of the antibiotic selection marker ( nptII , encoding neomycin phosphotransferase II) in the T 0 plants was revealed by both genomic PCR amplification and the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Additional analysis showed that the transgene was stably inherited from the two different generations and segregated normally among the T 1 progenies. Further development along this line will raise the efficiency of wheat transformation and increase the use of this approach in the molecular breeding of wheat crop.
Molecular markers are important tools that have been used to identify the short arm of rye chromosome 1R (1RS) which contains many useful genes introgressed into wheat background. Wheat expressed sequence tag (EST) sequences are valuable for developing molecular markers since ESTs are derived from gene transcripts and more likely to be conserved between wheat and its relative species. In the present study, 35 sequence-tagged site (STS) primers were designed based on EST sequences distributed on homology group 1 chromosomes of Triticum aestivum and used to screen specific markers for chromosome 1RS of Secale cereale . Two primer pairs different from the early studies, STS WE3 , which amplified a 1680-bp and a 1750-bp fragment, and STS WE126 , which produced a 850-bp fragment from rye genome, were proved to be specific to chromosome 1RS since the corresponding fragments were only amplified from 1R chromosome addition line and wheat-rye lines with chromosome 1RS, but not from wheat-rye 2R-7R chromosome addition lines and the other lines lacking chromosome 1RS. Eleven wheat-rye lines derived from ‘Xiaoyan 6’ and ‘German White’ were used to test the presence of specific markers for 1RS. The specific fragments of 1RS were amplified in 4 wheat-rye lines, but not in the other lines. The testing results using EST-STS markers of 1RS were consistent with those obtained from fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), suggesting that these markers specific to 1RS could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) for incorporating 1RS into wheat cultivars in breeding.
