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- Author or Editor: I. Novák x
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Abstract
The properties of a composite ion exchanger containing potassium nickel ferrocyanide incorporated in silica gel matrix are described. The sorbent was prepared in the form of spherical beads. For the characterisation of the ion exchanger X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, IR and Mössbauer spectrometry were used. The sorbent was used for the sorption of radiocesium from model solutions as well as from radioactive waste solutions (NPP Jaslovské Bohunice, Slovakia).
Abstract
A short overview of HPLC column packings is presented. The properties of chromatographic carriers and the possibilities to combine the solid matrices with organic polymeric stationary phases are elucidated in detail. The latest achievements and anticipated future developments in the area are outlined.
Abstract
Inorganic sorbents are often used in separation of metals and radionuclides in radioanalytical application and they were also used in technological scale for separation of radionuclides in cleanup of Three Mile Island NPP. Inorganic sorbents become popular in the last years because no problem with organic contamination, there are stable against radiation, sorption efficiency can be tailor made for selective separation of chosen metal. Contrary to the organic sorbents they have usually lower capacity and chemical stability is limited to narrower pH. Nevertheless of some problems, many good properties of inorganic sorbents make them very attractive for sorption study.
Kinetic analysis of thermogravimetric data
XXVII. Thermal decomposition of some metal and ammonium salts of hexachloroplatinic acid
Nineteen salts of hexachloroplatinic acid with monovalent metals, aromatic and heterocyclic amines and phosphine were obtained and characterized by chemical analysis. The thermal decomposition of these complexes was studied by means of derivatograph and differential scanning calorimetry. The nature of the pyrolysis processes is discussed. From the TG curves, kinetic parameters were derived for different stages of the thermal decompositions.
Abstract
A new approach to dating ancient obsidian artifacts based on the modeling of water diffusion profiles is evaluated using multiple archaeological test cases of known age. Hydrogen profiles from hydrated obsidian surfaces have been collected by secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). The H2O concentration versus depth profiles are modeled and diffusion ages have been produced. SIMS based dates for fourteen obsidian specimens of well-known age, ranging from 300-7000 years old, have been compared with radiocarbon ages. The convergence between the two dating methods is excellent and validates the new dating approach.
Abstract
Solid formulas obtained between furosemide and two β-cyclodextrin derivatives (HP-β-CD and RAMEB) were prepared by different methods and in various ratios (1:1 and 1:2). The inclusion complex formation between the drug and the β-CDs of 1:1 ratio was evaluated by mean of thermal analysis (DSC, TG and EGD). Supplementary techniques, such as X-ray diffraction, were also applied to interpret the results of the thermal study of physically mixed and kneaded products. Both studies demonstrated the formation of inclusion complexes in all samples except the physical mix samples; formation of true inclusion complexes was then possible only when the components were in melted form. The complexation increased the solubility and the rate of dissolution of the drug. RAMEB was found to be a better complexing agent than HP-β-CD; in both ratios it can be selected as a vehicle in furosemide tablet preparations.
Abstract
Inclusion complexes of Lippia sidoides essential oil and β-cyclodextrin were obtained by slurry method and its solid powdered form was prepared using spray drying. The influence of the spray drying, as well as the different essential oil:β-cyclodextrin ratio on the characteristics of the final product was investigated. With regard to the total oil retention 1:10 mass/mass ratio as optimal was found between the essential oil and β-cyclodextrin. Thermoanalytical techniques (TG, EGD, TG-MS) were used to support the formation of inclusion complex and to examine their physicochemical properties after accelerated storage conditions. It may be assumed that the thermal properties of the complexes were influenced not only by the different essential oil/ β-cyclodextrin ratio but also by the storage conditions. In the aspect of their thermal stabilities, complex prepared with 1:10 m/m ratio (essential oil:β-cyclodextrin) was the most stable one.
Abstract
The extents of the protective effects of coating films on the surface of crystals were determined. Three different samples were made with different quantities of coating fluid (Sepifilm LP 010 in 10% aqueous solution). Since the atomizing rate was constant, the coating time increased in parallel with the volume of coating fluid applied. The direct measurement of film thickness and smoothness is very difficult, and therefore indirect methods were used. Dimenhydrinate was chosen as model drug; this is a heat-sensitive antihistamine with a low melting point. This temperature can be reached during the tableting process. The behaviour of samples on exposure to heat was examined by differential scanning calorimetry. The water uptakes of the samples were determined with an Enslin apparatus. Plasticity was studied with an instrumented tablet machine. These indirect methods (thermal conductivity, water uptake and plasticity measurements) revealed connections between the results of the various experiments. An overlong coating time decreased the protective effect of the coating film.
Abstract
Dimenhydrinate is a heat-sensitive antihistamine with a low melting point. The heat-sensitive feature is of importance if direct compression is used. Direct measurement of the heat originating in the texture of tablets during compression is very difficult. Thermoanalytical methods were used as indirect methods to describe the changes in material properties at high temperature: differential scanning calorimetry, thermomicroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis. Film coating method is widely used in pharmaceutical technology. A fluidized bed apparatus was applied to coat the crystals. The coating film forming agent was hydroxy-propyl-methylcellulose (HPMC), which is a gastric-soluble polymer. Thermoanalytical measurements reveal that dimenhydrinate crystals are sensitive to heat. Film coating method does not alter the shape of the DSC curve of dimenhydrinate, but increases the melting point. The presence of a macromolecular film reduces the thermal conductivity, because it separates the particles.
Abstract
The biodiesel obtained by transesterification by reaction between ester and an alcohol in the presence of catalyst. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the thermal and kinetic behavior of the methanol biodiesel derived from cotton oil. The quality analysis was done by gas chromatography and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (1H NMR) in order to examine if the product meets with the requirements of the European Standard EN 1403. The thermogravimetric profile of the cotton biodiesel indicated that the decomposition steps are associated to the volatilization and/or decomposition of the methyl esters. Kinetic data was also obtained by thermal analysis.
