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- Author or Editor: Michał Németh x
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This article offers an etymological discussion of the relationship of the Hungarian word tábor ‘(military) camp’ and its cognates, present in a wide range of European and Asian languages, to Turkic (above all Chagatai and Ottoman) dapkur ~ tapkur ‘1. troop; 2. saddle girth; etc.’. The main reason as well as aim for revisiting the etymology of Hung. tábor is to prove that the claim that the first written occurrence of the Hung. word in appellative meaning dates back to 1383, is erroneous. In the present paper attempt is made to refute the latter assertion by thorough philological argumentation. This circumstance invalidates the arguments formerly put forward to weaken the word’s Czech etymology (< Cz. Tábor ‘Mount Tabor’).
The present paper describes the -p edi- past tense in Western Karaim — the first such attempt made in the available scholarly literature. It is important to note that the paper is based not only on philological data collected from manuscripts from the 18th–20th centuries, but also on field research conducted by the late Polish Turcologist, Józef Sulimowicz (1913–1973). His linguistic informants were Karaims from Halych.
Karaim is often treated as an exceptional Kipchak Turkic tongue in which certain, otherwise widespread Turkic verbal constructions are not present. Philological discoveries of recent years show, however, that some of these categories did exist in Karaim. As a response to this issue, the present article documents the Western Karaim equivalent of the Tkc. -a jaz- approximative construction. It is based on 18th- and 19th-century Biblical texts which are then juxtaposed with both phonetically and morphologically atypical 20th-century data. This contribution is part of a series of works describing Karaim grammatical categories hitherto undocumented in the scholarly literature.
The two Turkic etymologies of Hung. ocsúdik (1508) ‘to awake, to come to, to regain consciousness’ proposed, on the one hand, in the late 19th century by Vámbéry (1870) and, on the other, by K. Palló in 1976 and 1982, have been rightly rejected by the authors of TLH. At the same time, the explanation for the origin of this word found in the etymological dictionaries of Hungarian (TESz, EWUng, Zaicz 2006), namely, that it is a derivative of an unknown unproductive stem, is not entirely convincing for morphological reasons. The present paper offers a new etymology for this word, explaining it as a loanword from East Slavonic очюдитися ‘to regain consciousness, to awake’ attested in 16th- and 17th-century Russian. The starting point for the discussion is M. Stachowski’s (2014) article, in which he compared Hung. ocsúdik with Polish dialectal ocudzić ‘to revive’.
