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- Author or Editor: S. Gao x
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Two Mn(II) chloride complexes containing guest molecules
Solvothermal syntheses, crystal structures and thermal decomposition
Abstract
Two phenanthroline-manganese inclusion complexes with [MnCl(H2O)(phen)2]+ core have been synthesized and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses. Uncoordinated 2-mercaptothiazole (tzdtH) and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole (bztzH) as guest molecules are included in the complexes with formulas [MnCl(H2O)(phen)2]Cl·tzdtH (1) and {[MnCl(H2O)(phen)2]Cl}2·bztzH (2). X-ray structural analyses for complexes revealed that the complex 1 is triclinic, space group P1 with a=9.724(1) Å, b=11.858(1) Å, c=12.644(2) Å; β=89.056(2)°; Z=2, D c=1.513 Mg m−3, F(000)=638 and the complex 2 is triclinic, space group P1 with a=9.861(1) Å, b=11.476(1) Å; c=12.908(3) Å; β=84.991(2)°; Z=1, D c=1.511 Mg m−3, F(000)=600. Two complexes exhibit high stability up to 650°C. The molar specific heat capacities for the two complexes 1 and 2 can be estimated as being 96.175±0.332 and 72.505±0.364 J mol−1 K−1 at 298.15 K by RD496-III microcalorimeter, respectively.
Abstract
A new complex, diaquadi(1,2,4-triazol-5-one)zinc(II) ion nitrate formulated as {[Zn(TO)2(H2O)2](NO3)2}n (1) (1,2,4-triazole-5-one, abbreviated as: TO) was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray single crystal diffraction, infrared spectrum (IR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetric analysis and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG). The X-ray structure analysis reveals that the complex is orthorhombic with space group Pbca and unit-cell parameters a=6.9504(2) �; b=10.6473(3) �; c=17.8555(5) �. Based on the result of thermal analysis, the thermal decomposition process of the compound was derived. From measurement of the enthalpy of solution in water in 298.15 K, the standard molar enthalpy of solution of lignand TO and the complex were determined as 15.43�0.18 and 52.64�0.42 kJ mol−1, respectively. In addition, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of TO(aq) was calculated as −126.97�0.72 kJ mol−1.
Abstract
Fourteen new complexes with the general formula of Ln(Hmna)3·nH2O (n=2 for Ln=La-Ho and n=1 for Er-Lu, H2mna=2-mercaptonicotinic acid) were synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. In addition, molar specific heat capacities were determined by a microcalorimeter at 298.15 K. The IR spectra of the prepared complexes revealed that carboxyl groups of the ligands coordinated with Ln(III) ions in bidentate chelating mode. Hydrated complexes lost water molecules during heating in one step and then the anhydrous complexes decomposed directly to oxides Ln2O3, CeO2, Pr6O11 and Tb4O7. The values of molar specific heat capacities for fourteen solid complexes were plotted against the atomic numbers of lanthanide, which presented as ‘tripartite effect’. It suggested a certain amount of covalent character existed in the bond of Ln3+ and ligands, according with nephelauxetic effect of 4f electrons of rare earth ions.
Abstract
Five new complexes M(Hmna)2 [M=Mn(II) (1), Co(II) (2), Ni(II) (3), Cu(II) (4) and Zn(II) (5), H2mna=2-mercaptonicotinic acid] have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectra, thermogravimetric analyses. In addition, molar specific heat capacities and enthalpy changes of reactions were determined by a microcalorimeter at 298.15 K. All the complexes exhibited similar IR spectra, the sulfur and oxygen atoms from monoanionic Hmna− ligand coordinated to M2+ in a bidentate fashion. The thermal stability of M(Hmna)2 complexes varied in the sequence 1>2>3>4>5. The complexes were stable up to about 300°C and decomposed to oxides at higher temperatures. The molar specific heat capacities of the complexes were determined in the range between 106.452±0.399 and 145.920±0.423 J mol−1 K−1. The enthalpy changes of reactions, Δr H m θ, were determined from 18.28±0.05 to 52.59±0.07 kJ mol−1 for complexes 1–5, indicating that the thermodynamic stability of M(Hmna)2 increased in the sequence from Mn2+ to Zn2+.
Abstract
We show that a monotonically normal space X is paracompact if and only if for every increasing open cover {U α : α < κ} of X, there is a closed cover {F nα : n < ω, α < κ} of X such that F nα ⊂ U α for n < ω, α < κ and F nα ⊂ F nβ if α ≦ β.
Abstract
A novel complex, [Pr(5-nip)(phen)(NO3)(DMF)] (5-nip: 5-nitroisophthalic acid; phen: 1,10-phenanthroline, DMF: N,N-dimethylformamide), was prepared and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, elemental analysis, IR spectrum and DTG-DSC techniques. The results show that the crystal is monoclinic, space group P2(1)/n with a=11.0876(6) Å, b=12.8739(7) Å, c=16.9994(8) Å; β=91.193(4)°, Z=4, D c=1.822 Mg m–3, F(000)=1320. Each Pr(III) ion is nine-coordinated by one chelating bidentate and two monodentate bridging carboxylate groups, one chelating bidentate nitryl group, one DMF molecule and one 1,10-phenanthroline molecule. The complex is constructed with one-dimensional ribbons featuring dinuclear units and the one-dimensional ribbons are further assembled into two-dimensional networks by strong π–π stacking interactions. The complex has high stability up to 500°C. The enthalpy change of formation of the compound in DMF was measured using an RD496-III type microcalorimeter with the value of –9.214±0.173 kJ mol–1.
Summary A ternary solid complex Gd(Et2dtc)3(phen) has been obtained from reactions of sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaEt2dtc), 1,10-phenanthroline (phen) and hydrated gadolinium chloride in absolute ethanol. The title complex was described by chemical and elemental analyses, TG-DTG and IR spectrum. The enthalpy change of liquid-phase reaction of formation of the complex, Δr H Θ m(l), was determined as (-11.628±0.0204) kJ mol-1 at 298.15 K by a RD-496 III heat conduction microcalorimeter. The enthalpy change of the solid-phase reaction of formation of the complex, Δr H Θ m(s), was calculated as (145.306±0.519) kJ mol-1 on the basis of a designed thermochemical cycle. The thermodynamics of reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by changing the temperature of liquid-phase reaction. Fundamental parameters, the apparent reaction rate constant (k), the apparent activation energy (E), the pre-exponential constant (A), the reaction order (n), the activation enthalpy (Δr H Θ ≠), the activation entropy (Δr S Θ ≠), the activation free energy (Δr G Θ ≠) and the enthalpy (Δr H Θ ≠), were obtained by combination of the thermodynamic and kinetic equations for the reaction with the data of thermokinetic experiments. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, Δc U, was determined as (-18673.71±8.15) kJ mol-1 by a RBC-II rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, Δc H Θ m, and standard enthalpy of formation, Δf H Θ m, were calculated to be (-18692.92±8.15) kJ mol-1 and (-51.28±9.17) kJ mol-1, respectively.
Abstract
A novel solid complex, formulated as Ho(PDC)3 (o-phen), has been obtained from the reaction of hydrate holmium chloride, ammonium pyrrolidinedithiocarbamate (APDC) and 1,10-phenanthroline (o-phenH2O) in absolute ethanol, which was characterized by elemental analysis, TG-DTG and IR spectrum. The enthalpy change of the reaction of complex formation from a solution of the reagents, Δr H m θ (sol), and the molar heat capacity of the complex, c m, were determined as being –19.1610.051 kJ mol–1 and 79.2641.218 J mol–1 K–1 at 298.15 K by using an RD-496 III heat conduction microcalorimeter. The enthalpy change of complex formation from the reaction of the reagents in the solid phase, Δr H m θ(s), was calculated as being (23.9810.339) kJ mol–1 on the basis of an appropriate thermochemical cycle and other auxiliary thermodynamic data. The thermodynamics of reaction of formation of the complex was investigated by the reaction in solution at the temperature range of 292.15–301.15 K. The constant-volume combustion energy of the complex, Δc U, was determined as being –16788.467.74 kJ mol–1 by an RBC-II type rotating-bomb calorimeter at 298.15 K. Its standard enthalpy of combustion, Δc H m θ, and standard enthalpy of formation, Δf H m θ, were calculated to be –16803.957.74 and –1115.428.94 kJ mol–1, respectively.
