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- Author or Editor: S. Szabó x
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Near-infrared (NIR) spectrophotometers with different optical arrangements were used to measure the diffusely reflected electromagnetic radiation of different types of food additives in polyethylene (PE) foils. Eight compounds, frequently used in food process – but also in other industries –, were measured by different NIR spectrophotometers. The detected (‘as is’) and mathematically transformed (by scatter correction, second derivative combined with smoothing) NIR spectra were processed with multivariate data analysis (MDA). In this matter, unsupervised methods like principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) were used, which techniques do not require prior information and reference measurements. The aim of the present study was to distinguish food additives by the help of the applied chemometric methods based on NIR spectra detected via the PE foils. Results indicated that distinction of different food additives and compounds with NIR methods is possible not only with the conventional sample preparations and handlings, but also without breaking the packaging.
Within a survey made of Hungarian awareness of, attitudes towards, and preferences for food labels and pricing, this study focused on consumers’ reactions to quality and country of origin labels. Data were collected with a standard questionnaire, face-to-face interviews (1000 participants) in the respondents’ home. It became obvious that consumers were looking for information about quality (rating its importance at 4.04) on packages, but information about origin (3.94) and production (3.89) was also important to them. The capability of respondents to spontaneously recall country of origin and quality labels was very limited: 35.5% of all respondents could not name any such labels. The best known label was “Hungarian Product” (30.5%), which was recognized by up to 90% of the respondents after they were shown it. Many consumers were ready to pay premium for products bearing this label (31.7%). According to our results, information about quality is important to consumers, but they do not look for it deliberately, and only a few consumers ascribe a higher value to products with labels bearing this information. There is a pressing need to increase consumers’ confidence for trademarks through dissemination of reliable information.
Abstract
The beneficial effects of hippotherapy lie in the transmission of the horse's movements to the patient. The aim of our work was to create a measurement method for objective evaluation that can be used in natural settings without interfering with therapy.
Methodology/Principal findings
Our measurement system consists of three treble axis accelerometers connected to a data logger. Software was developed for data analysis and post processing. A commercial DVD recording camera was used to document the hippotherapy session. In this paper we present the results obtained in pilot measurements on ten children with cerebral palsy. For reference, a skilled rider was measured on the same horse using a passive following seat.
Conclusions
The acceleration diagrams show common characteristics useful to the interpretation of the movement transfer during hippotherapy as well as individual patterns indicating alterations in the movement reactions of different patients.
The aim of this study was to investigate the differences in the proteome patterns of musculus longissimus dorsi between Charolais bulls slaughtered at 500 kg and 700 kg live weight using two-dimensional difference in gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Three hundred fifty protein spots were visualised on gels of which 10 showed different expression levels (P<0.05) between groups. After mass spectrometric analysis of spots, beta-enolase (ENO3) in five different spots, alpha-enolase (ENO1), triosephosphate isomerase (TPI1) in two different spots, alpha-actin (ACTA1), and heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1) were identified. ENO3, ENO1, TPI1, and ACTA1 had higher expression levels in bulls of 700 kg live weight group. ENO3, ENO1, and TPI1 are involved in energy metabolism, while ACTA1 is a structure protein in skeletal muscle. Up-regulation of heat shock protein beta-1 (HSPB1), which protein is reported to have correlation with tenderness, was observed in 500 kg weight group. Our result demonstrates that proteomic tools are useful in identifying markers associated with muscle development.
Ground ivy (Glechoma hederacea L.) is one of the prosperous plants for the food-industry as natural antioxidant. This fact led us to examine the chemical diversity of six ground ivy populations situated in different natural habitats and to analyse the effect of the harvesting time. Total phenolic content, chlorogenic acid, and rutin content, as well as the antioxidant capacity showed significant differences due to the harvest time. The highest total phenol content (115 mg g–1 GAE) and the strongest antioxidant activity (53.3 mg g–1 AAE) were measured in the population originated from Budapest (GLE 6), harvested in July. The highest chlorogenic acid (357 mg/100 g) and rutin (950 mg/100 g) contents were detected in the July harvested samples from the Soroksár Botanical Garden population (GLE 1). According to our results, the collection time has significant effect on the total phenolic content – first of all on the chlorogenic acid and rutin accumulation levels of ground ivy, while the influence of the habitat seems to be less important.
