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antimicrobials were chosen from the main antimicrobial drugs used in clinical and surgical routine, and were the following: ampicillin (10 μg), ampicillin with sulbactam (20 μg), amoxicillin (20 μg), amoxicillin with clavulanic acid (10 μg), gentamicin (10 μg
testing Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by E-test (BioMérieux), as described previously [ 16 ]. Seventeen antimicrobial agents, ampicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, imipenem, clarithromycin, gentamicin
. The antibiotic disks (Mast Group, Merseyside, UK) used in our study were as follows: ampicillin (10 μg), cefoxitin (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), ceftazidime-clavulanate (10/10 μg), cefotaxime (30 μg), cefotaxime-clavulanate (10/30 μg), cefuroxime (30
), clindamycin (2 µg), vancomycin (30 µg), ampicillin (30 µg), chloramphenicol (30 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), cefotixin (30 µg), rifampicin (5 µg), and oxacillin (1 µg) were used. The breakpoints of Staphylococcus and Enterococcus species resistance were used
penicillins (ampicillin, ampicillin-sulbactam, oxacillin, and piperacillin–tazobactam), cephalosporins (3rd and 4th generation cephalosporins, as well as cefuroxime and cefoxitin), the carbapenem imipenem, fluoroquinolones (norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin
automated susceptibility system, following the guidelines of the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI). The agents tested included amikacin (AMK), ampicillin/sulbactam (AMS), cefoperazone/sulbactam (CFP/SUL), cefepime (FEP), ceftazidime
antimicrobial agents, ampicillin/sulbactam (10/10 µg), meropenem (10 μg), gentamicin (10 μg), doxycycline (30 µg), ciprofloxacin (5 μg), co-trimoxazole (1.25/23.75 μg), cefepime (30 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), and levofloxacin (30 μg) (Mast, UK). Results were
(%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) (%) Ampicillin 100 0 0 0 96.4 0 3.6 0 Amoxicillin Clavulante 100 0 0 0 98.2 0 0.9 0.9 Amikacin 99.1 0.9 0 0 98.2 1.8 0 0 Cefixime 100 0 0 0 100 0 0 0 Ciprofloxacin 95.5 2.7 0 1.8 93.7 2.7 0 3.6 Ceftriaxone 100 0 0 0 99.1 0 0.9 0 Cefuroxime 100 0 0 0 96.4 0 2.7 0
(MIC ≤0.02 mg/mL), ampicillin (MIC 0.032 mg/mL), meropenem (MIC 0.012 mg/mL), ceftriaxone (MIC 0.08 mg/mL), metronidazole (MIC 0.75 mg/mL), clindamycin (MIC <0.016 mg/mL), and piperacillin/tazobactam (MIC 0.064 mg/mL), cefoxitin (MIC 0.094 mg
. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing Antimicrobial susceptibilities to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (AMC), amikacin, fosfomycin, gentamicin, imipenem, nalidixic acid, nitrofurantoin, norfloxacin, cefazolin, cefuroxime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime
