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resistant P. aeruginosa was determined using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique (Eppendorf Thermal Cycler, Germany). For this aim, chromosomal DNA was extracted using the boiling method, and its quality was confirmed using a NanoDrop 2000c
Porcine circoviruses (PCV) are widespread in domestic pigs worldwide and there is growing information about the presence of PCV in other suid species. Based on serological studies with sera of wild boars, it was established that PCV1 was present in these animals and antibodies specific to PCV2 were also detected in wild boars living in captivity or in sylvatic areas, both with or without clinical signs of PMWS. Studies including PCV2 genome or antigen detection confirmed the previous findings. This is the first report about the presence of PCV in Transylvanian wild boar populations. Four hundred and sixty-nine samples were collected and grouped according to geographic origin, tested for the presence of PCV DNA using a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay, and 13.52% of the animals proved to be positive for one or in three cases both of the PCV genotypes. PCV2 was detected in all of the PCV-positive samples.
laboratory tests and disk diffusion method, respectively [ 5 , 10 ]. In addition, characteristics of carbapenem resistance mechanisms other than efflux pump-associated ones were previously assessed [ 11 ]. In this study, SYBR Green PCR Master Mix without ROX
to represent methicillin resistance by molecular techniques such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [ 16–19 ]. For instance, the mecA gene is potentially located on mobile genetic elements called staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec
-one tracheal aspirates were isolated from different wards of al-Zahra hospitals in Isfahan from 2016 to 2017. Initial identification was performed by culture and biochemical tests and then final confirmation was conducted using PCR of the bla oxa-51 gene
collection, as well as the laboratory diagnostic algorithm, was previously published elsewhere [ 2 ]. Laboratory procedure Virus isolation from human WNV PCR-positive clinical specimens (serum, plasma, or urine) was performed on Vero E6 cell lines and/or with
isolates were characterized by biochemical tests. To confirm the collected isolates as K. pneumoniae , a PCR was performed using the 16–23S Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene-specific to K. pneumoniae [ 6 ]. DNA was extracted by simple boiling method
/non-interpretable results is polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Previous studies have reported a relatively low prevalence of these retroviruses worldwide. In North America, FeLV prevalence ranges between 2.3–7.5 and 2% in Australia, while in Europe it is somewhat higher, 3
-nitrophenyl-betad-glucopyranose (ONPG), sulfide indole motility (SIM), and 42 ° C growth [ 15 ]. The identification of species was confirmed by PCR analysis and sequencing of the 16S rRNA and rpoB genes [ 16 ]. Isolates recognized as A.baumannii were kept at −70 ° C in trypticase
