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Abstract
An International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) Conference series on neutron activation analysis (NAA) in life sciences has been compared to another IAEA conference series and to two other conference series. No great differences in multiple attendees, speakers, chairmen, or diversity of session subjects was seen. The NAA meetings do appear to be less formalized than the others.
Concerns about problematic gaming behaviors deserve our full attention. However, we claim that it is far from clear that these problems can or should be attributed to a new disorder. The empirical basis for a Gaming Disorder proposal, such as in the new ICD-11, suffers from fundamental issues. Our main concerns are the low quality of the research base, the fact that the current operationalization leans too heavily on substance use and gambling criteria, and the lack of consensus on symptomatology and assessment of problematic gaming. The act of formalizing this disorder, even as a proposal, has negative medical, scientific, public-health, societal, and human rights fallout that should be considered. Of particular concern are moral panics around the harm of video gaming. They might result in premature application of diagnosis in the medical community and the treatment of abundant false-positive cases, especially for children and adolescents. Second, research will be locked into a confirmatory approach, rather than an exploration of the boundaries of normal versus pathological. Third, the healthy majority of gamers will be affected negatively. We expect that the premature inclusion of Gaming Disorder as a diagnosis in ICD-11 will cause significant stigma to the millions of children who play video games as a part of a normal, healthy life. At this point, suggesting formal diagnoses and categories is premature: the ICD-11 proposal for Gaming Disorder should be removed to avoid a waste of public health resources as well as to avoid causing harm to healthy video gamers around the world.
We examined the composition and spatial structure of the understorey vegetation at two sites with different fire histories in a mature Pinus sylvestris L. forest in eastern Finland. The entire study area had regenerated after a fire in the early 19thcentury. Besides, a part of the area was subsequently hit by a surface fire in 1906, which divided the study area into two parts. Vegetation and environmental variables measured from the these two parts, the 1800+ burn site and the 1906 burn site, have considerably different spatial pattern. Deciduous shrubs and ground layer, consisting primarily of bryophytes, had a more distinct patch structure at the 1800+ burn site than at the 1906 burn site, while with lichens the situation was the reverse. Cover of the field layer, dominated by evergreen shrubs, was significantly higher at the 1800+ burn site than at the 1906 burn site. At both sites, the spatial pattern of plant functional types was obviously strongly regulated by the spatial influence of living trees. Gradual formation of strong clonal patch structures of V. myrtillus, V. vitis-idaea and mosses, seems to be another important process affecting the properties of the understorey vegetation. The post-fire recovery of the understorey community was slow: in the 1906 burn site, the community composition and spatial structure were still in transition after almost 90 years since the last fire.
Project Organisations. In: SENET Regional Conference on Project Management, Proceedings , pp. 336-343. Using the Project Organisations 336 343
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the individual, the next contextual level is typically the level of the organization, the sector, the sectoral environment, and the system, although additional intermediate levels can also be named (e.g., professional group, team, etc.). Although the
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