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The age of publication of p i a j An arbitrary author
citing articles are typically considered as constituting the research front (Persson 1994 ). The intellectual base can include all types of documents, regardless of form and age; and it does not necessarily matter if they are among the citing documents
variable used as a driver of collaboration among scientists is the year of the first publication (for each scientist) within the database. We use this variable as a proxy for the scientific age of a researcher. With age and age similarity we can therefore
.196) (0.196) Age effect 0.08696* 0.16499 (0.094) (0
. We have not discussed the issue of normalization for the age of a publication. The latter type of normalization can be used to correct for the fact that older publications have had more time to earn citations than younger publications. Normalization
Science , proved that oxidative stress had a strong relationship with aging and many devastating human diseases such as inflammation, carcinogenesis, diabetes, Parkinson's disease and Alzheimer's disease (Kujoth et al. 2005 ; Liu et al. 2009 ; Rhodes
Economic Studies 76 : 283 – 317 10.1111/j.1467-937X.2008.00531.x . Jones , B. F. 2010 Age and great invention . Review of Economics and Statistics 92 : 1 – 14 10.1162/rest.2009
information at relatively low cost ii. High-technology exports (%age of manufactured exports) : the indicator is the best yardstick for measuring the annual average growth rates (AAGR) in high technology area
cite their latest work while also citing older publications (Hellsten et al. 2007 ). Looking at the age of references, the lag in publication among references with self-citations and original articles is shorter than that of the references citing from
have analyzed the relationship between the aging of researchers’ and their scientific impact or creativity (see the recent review by Feist 2006 ). Although these studies offer diverging results, two general trends emerge from the data: older
