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trivial they are not necessarily the primary targets we think of with ‘antidepressant’ treatment and do not necessarily align with patients’ primary motivations for seeking treatment. In this sense, medications that are sedating, or that increase appetite

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threats ( Jost, Glaser, Kruglanski, & Sulloway, 2003 ). A further development of the motivational theory is distinguishing between two subtypes of authoritarianism called right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO

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positive symptoms (e.g., auditory hallucinations, disorganized thinking, delusions, abnormal motor behavior) and negative symptoms (e.g., diminished emotional expression, decreased motivation, decreased ability to experience pleasure, decreased ability to

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at least pre-and post-measure. The majority (95%) came from Europe while the rest of the participants were from Asia (2.5%) and North America (2.5%). Their motivation for ayahuasca use included ‘understanding myself’ (34.2%), ‘solving issues’ (30

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contested Letheby’s attribution of epistemic benefits to psychedelic states, suggesting that the benefits in question seem “more motivational than epistemic” (p. 250). However, he offers no explicit argument for this claim. He also suggests that any self

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sessions with psilocybin (21–28 mg/70 kg) within a wider context of Motivational Enhancement Therapy led to significant increases in alcohol abstinence in problem drinkers, with results largely persisting to 36-week follow-up. MEQ scores (but also general

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, 96 , 57 – 72 . https://doi.org/10.1080/09652140020016969 . 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961575.x Kavenská , V. , & Simonová , H. ( 2015 ). Ayahuasca tourism: Participants in shamanic rituals and their personality styles, motivation, benefits and

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engaged and stay motivated. How they are challenged, excited, or interested. These are affective dimensions. Stimulate interest and motivation for learning. – Recognition networks: the what of learning. How we gather facts and categorize what we see

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behaviours or motivations that quantitative methods cannot fully reveal. These issues could be further investigated through the employment of the qualitative research paradigm (e.g. interviews). In light of this, new directions for future research may be

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information that is emotionally incongruent to their expectations (e.g., Bell et al., 2012 ; Kroneisen & Bell, 2013 ; Kroneisen, Woehe, & Rausch, 2015 ). Furthermore, it seems that motivational factors are also important. Bell et al. (2014) showed that

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