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items in the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short-Form (IGDS9-SF) developed by Pontes and Griffiths ( 2014 , 2015 ). The IGDS9-SF is a short, nine-item psychometric tool adapted from the nine criteria that define Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) according
-5) working group led by Petry acknowledged that the healthy discussion among experts and the available empirical evidence led the DSM-5 to include a subtype of Internet addiction, Internet gaming disorder (IGD; Griffiths et al., 2016 ; Petry et
; Festl, Scharkow, & Quandt, 2013 ; Griffiths, King, & Demetrovics, 2014 ), Internet gaming disorder (IGD) has been included in section III of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5; American Psychiatric
international authorities. An aligned condition, Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD), was introduced into DSM-5 as a “condition for further study” ( American Psychiatric Association, 2013 , 2022 ). Scales and screening tools have been developed for IGD but many
to the inclusion of Internet gaming disorder (IGD) into the fifth edition of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), though under Section 3 as a condition that requires further study before becoming an official mental disorder
addictive form in some individuals (e.g., King & Potenza, 2019 ; Young, 2004 ). Especially gaming becomes more and more a public health issue ( Faust & Prochaska, 2018 ; Rumpf et al., 2018 ). After the recognition of ‘Internet gaming disorder’ in the
no improvement in alpha with the deletion of any item. Problematic gaming was measured with the Internet Gaming Disorder scale ( Petry et al., 2014 ). It asks nine items relating to the last 12 months
mechanism underlying pathological gaming. This has led to the inclusion of the Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in the 5th edition of the “Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders” (DSM-5; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013 ). Besides
online activities may increase the risk of using social media and games in a problematic manner; display characteristics of addiction are described for Internet gaming disorder (IGD) in the Appendix of the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical
not all substances of abuse (e.g., Bayard, McIntyre, Hill, & Woodside, 2004 ; Kosten & O’Connor, 2003 ; Vandrey, Budney, Hughes, & Liguori, 2008 ) but also for behavioral addictions (e.g., gambling disorder and internet gaming disorder
