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(RT-PCR), which requires a sample, that can be collected from the upper (nasal and oropharyngeal) and lower respiratory tract (sputum, endotracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage). The virus can also be detected in faeces and blood [ 4
RABV ( Badrane et al., 2001; Colombi et al., 2019 ). Many diagnostic techniques have been developed for the identification of rabies, including the fluorescent antibody test (FAT) for the detection of rabies virus antigen, RT-PCR for the detection of
flasks of EPC monolayer at 80% confluency. The flasks were incubated at 17 °C and 20 °C and checked daily for the appearance of cytopathic effect (CPE). PCR assays For the molecular investigations, organ samples were homogenised using the TissueLyser high
procedure [ 18 ]. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing In compliance with the manufacturer's instruction, the DNA extraction kit (GeNet Bio Company, Daejeon, Korea; Cat. No, K-3000
by centrifugation and washed with 750 µL 70% ethanol taken from −20 °C ( Liu et al., 2004 ). The quality of DNA extraction was measured by Epoch2 (BioTek, USA). Confirmation of E. coli isolates by PCR ECO-1, ECO-2 and gyrB primers specific to E
tissue for RTq-PCR calibrator was obtained from a 3-year-old female Yorkshire Terrier dog that had undergone elective spay surgery. Genomic DNA was extracted from 9 out of 21 CMC tissue samples (DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit, Qiagen®, CA). Forward (5
(9.3%) 37/96 (38.5%) Discussion The prevalence of C. burnetii infection has been reported to be 93.7% in Central and Eastern European dairy herds, and a higher prevalence of 97.2% was found in Hungary based on ELISA and PCR test findings of the bulk
. phagocytophilum PCR-positive hosts were also examined in this study. DNA was extracted from host tissue samples and from whole ticks (individually) with the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instruction
subsequent analysis and experimentation. Genotyping (PCR-RFLP) For the amplification of the 5′ flanking coding sequence of the IGF-1 gene, a set of primers previously described by Bakhtiar et al. (2017) was utilized in this experiment. The amplification
-extraction of an overnight culture in Todd Hewitt and Yeast extract broth (Sigma-Aldrich Solutions, Germany). PCRs targeting genes for PI-1 and PI-2 were performed as described previously [ 8 , 9 ]. A specific region of the rlrA gene was amplified to detect
