Search Results
Summary
Modification of the physico-chemical properties of hydrous titanium dioxide (TiO2) was conducted by using binding polyacrylonitrile (PAN) for the preparation of larger size particles having higher granular strength. The thermal behavior of the obtained composite has been studied by thermogravimetric and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA). Sorption behavior of the TiO2-PAN composite for removal of some hazardous radionuclides has been studied at different conditions such as, pH, contact time, ion concentrations and reaction temperature as well as the drying temperature. The effects of interfering ions as well as some complexing agents on the distribution ratio of the sorption process have been determined. As a result of the obtained data the optimum conditions for the removal of the studied radionuclides were recommended.
Abstract
The crystallization kinetic of the basalt glass ceramic of the oxide composition, (%): SiO2 − 50.82; Al2O3 − 12.05; Fe2O3 − 9.28; CaO − 15.48; MgO − 11.08; Na2O+K2O − 1.14; TiO2 − 0.15, with addition of 10% TiO2 as nucleating agent has been studied using thermal analysis under non-isothermal conditions. In this order, the non-isothermal DTA curves were obtained at different heating rates between 4 and 20°C min−1 in the temperature range of 25–1000°C using a Derivatograph-C (MOM, Hungary). The kinetic parameters of the crystallization process were calculated on the basis of Ozawa-Flynn-Wall, Friedman, Budrugeac-Segal and non-parametric kinetic methods.
Abstract
The present work describes the application of radiotracer technique for studying uptake of arsenic on titanium hydroxide, commercial titanium dioxide (TiO2) powder (anatase) and synthesized mesoporous titania beads in acidic, neutral, and alkaline conditions. Sol–gel templating method was used to prepare titania–polysaccharide composites, with different polymer contents. Mesoporous titania was obtained by heat treatment of the composite beads in a controlled environment. The synthesis process was optimized, using thermogravimetry analysis. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of anatase pure phase titania (TiO2) at 700 °C in different environments, and scanning electron microscopy studies confirmed uniform pore size distribution. The effect of surface area, polymer content and pH on uptake of arsenic(III) and (V) on the synthesized titania beads was also investigated. Arsenic(V) was found to be retained quantitatively on the titania beads synthesized from 0.8% polymer content titania–polymer composite precursor in neutral to alkaline conditions. Details of the results obtained are discussed.
Abstract
The interactions between titanium dioxide, niobium pentoxide and tantalum pentoxide and 55 elements have been studied by batch experiments in nitric acid. The variation of the distribution ccefficients with nitric acid concentration is presented and discussed. The adsorption mechanism for some ions has also been investigated. Column experiments have been carried out to check the practical use of the investigated oxides in radiochemical separations. A99mTc generator based on the use of TiO2 is also presented.
Abstract
Synthesis of potassium bismuth titanate ferroelectric by heating of mixtures prepared using oxide precursors, i.e. Bi2O3, TiO2 and K2CO3 was investigated. DTA, TG, XRD and SEM methods were used to study the formation of intermediate compounds and the final product. Usage of associated homogenization and grinding of precursors mixture permits to decrease the temperature of formation of K0.5Bi0.5TiO3.
Abstract
Radiation treatment with gamma-rays was used to improve the biodegradability of EDTA that is known to be a non-biodegradable substance. The effect of metal ions and catalysts on the treatment of EDTA was studied first. The removal of EDTA was definitely decreased in the presence of metal ions such as Cr(III), Cd(II), Pb(II) and Cu(II) at doses greater than 3 kGy. The addition of a TiO2
Abstract
Emanation Thermal Analysis (ETA) was used to characterize microstructure changes of hydrous ruthenia and hydrous ruthenia-titania as precursors for preparation of RuO2 and (RuO2)0.9-(TiO2)0.l by heating in the temperature range of 20–600C in argon. A good agreement was found between ETA, TG and DTA results, X-ray diffraction patterns and surface area measurements of intermediate products of the thermal treatment.
Abstract
PET with 68Ga from the TiO2- or SnO2- based 68Ge/68Ga generators is of increasing interest for PET imaging in nuclear medicine. In general, radionuclidic purity (68Ge vs. 68Ga activity) of the eluate of these generators varies between 0.01 and 0.001%. Liquid waste containing low amounts of 68Ge activity is produced by eluting the 68Ge/68Ga generators and residues from PET chemistry. Since clearance level of 68Ge activity in waste may not exceed 10 Bq/g, as stated by European Directive 96/29/EURATOM, our purpose was to reduce 68Ge activity in solution from >10 kBq/g to <10 Bq/g; which implies the solution can be discarded as regular waste. Most efficient method to reduce the 68Ge activity is by sorption of TiO2 or Fe2O3 and subsequent centrifugation. The required 10 Bq per mL level of 68Ge activity in waste was reached by Fe2O3 logarithmically, whereas with TiO2 asymptotically. The procedure with Fe2O3 eliminates ≥90% of the 68Ge activity per treatment. Eventually, to simplify the processing a recirculation system was used to investigate 68Ge activity sorption on TiO2, Fe2O3 or Zeolite. Zeolite was introduced for its high sorption at low pH, therefore 68Ge activity containing waste could directly be used without further interventions. 68Ge activity containing liquid waste at different HCl concentrations (0.05–1.0 M HCl), was recirculated at 1 mL/min. With Zeolite in the recirculation system, 68Ge activity showed highest sorption.
Abstract
The surface properties of supported gallium oxide catalysts prepared by impregnation of various supports (γ-Al2O3, SiO2, TiO2, ZrO2) were investigated by adsorption microcalorimetry, using ammonia and water as probe molecules. In the case of acidic supports (γ-Al2O3, ZrO2, TiO2), the acidic character of supported gallium catalysts always decreased in comparison with gallium-free supports; on very weakly acidic SiO2, new acidic centers were created when depositing Ga2O3. The addition of gallium oxide decreased the hydrophilic properties of alumina, titania and zirconia, but increased the amount of water adsorbed on silica. The catalytic performances in the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C2H4 in excess oxygenwere in the order Ga/Al2O3>Ga/TiO2>Ga/ZrO2>>Ga/SiO2. This order is more related to the quality of the dispersion of Ga2O3 on the support than to the global acidity of the solids.
Thermal properties of oxide glasses
Part II. Activation energy as a criterion of thermal stability of Li2O·2SiO2·nTiO2 glass systems against crystallization
Abstract
Three glasses with the composition of Li2O⋅2SiO2 (a), Li2O⋅2SiO2⋅0.03TiO2 (b) and Li2O⋅2SiO2⋅0.1TiO2 (c) were prepared and the relationship between structural and kinetic parameters of thermal stability vs. crystallization has been studied by X-ray diffraction, IR spectra and thermal analysis. The XRD patterns proved the presence of lithium metasilicate as a primary crystalline phase which subsequently transformed to lithium disilicate where the transformation is supported by the presence of TiO2. The order of thermal stability vs. crystallization of studied glass systems based on the results of XRD is (a)<(b)<(c). The same order was obtained from the values of activation energy. It has been shown that the values of activation energies obtained from the Ozawa and Kissinger methods are equivalent and that the Kissinger method should be used to obtain the activation energy from the dependence of the maximum peak temperature on the heating rate. It has been discussed that the activation energy represents only an incomplete description of the kinetics of the crystallization process.
