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and identified using standard bacteriological techniques and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nuc gene [ 7 ]. The ethic Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved present research protocol (IR.SBMU.MSP.REC.1398
; Sándor, 2017a , b ). Considering these three species, several molecular studies have been conducted to screen pathogens in I. canisuga and I. hexagonus (reviewed in Sándor, 2017a , b ; Hornok et al., 2018a ). However, reports on PCR-based screening
(LAT), Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE) and Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) ( Lorestani et al., 2019 ). The application of newer molecular approaches, including next generation sequencing and oligonucleotide microarray
) Detection of mcr genes by PCR DNA isolation of strains was performed using bacterial DNA isolation kit (Canvax Biotech, Spain) for mcr 1-5 screening by molecular method. PCR amplification was performed using the primers and PCR conditions listed in
system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Ėtoile, France) and confirmed by a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting a 278-bp fragment of the 23S rRNA gene. Bacterial DNA was isolated by the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit (QIAGEN, Hilden, Germany) according to the
P Kaposi-Novak 2004 Effect of formalin, acetone, and RNAlater fixatives on tissue preservation and different size amplicons by real-time PCR from paraffin-embedded tissue
as STEC. The bacterial identification of the isolates was performed by classical biochemical methods using triple sugar iron agar, urease, indole and citrate. The confirmation of E. coli identification was done by PCR as described below. Extraction
distributed by Oxoid. Molecular genetic examinations Screening for antibiotic resistance determinants The strains were screened for the presence of TEM, SHV, CTX-M ESBL, plasmdic AmpC, OXA-1-like genes and aac(6′)-Ib by PCR [ 13–15 ]. The PCR products were
% sensitivity and specificity comparable to those of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [ 2 ]. Moreover, the use of boronic acid disk test in combination with several antibiotic substrates has been evaluated as sensitive and highly specific for the phenotypic
