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for psychedelic-assisted treatments currently. For example, a recent Phase III trial of MDMA-assisted treatment for post-traumatic stress disorder represents years of herculean work performed in multiple nations and reveals a promising effect size of
, which displayed positive results for MDMA assisted psychotherapy in the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder. Also of importance, were three seminal papers displaying the use of psilocybin for the treatment of anxiety and depression in patients
far, not the only means. The psychostimulant 3,4-Methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) is a prototypical entactogen characterized by its ability to induce acute feelings of sociability ( Regan, Margolis, de Wit, & Lyubomirsky, 2021 ) and heightened
should consider that MDMA-assisted psychotherapy, the first P-AT likely to be federally approved, has been used to treat patients specifically with PTSD ( Mitchell et al., 2021 ). Because PTSD is a common outcome of sexual abuse ( Scott et al., 2017 ) and
can get that wonderful perfect balance of like a little bit trippy, a little bit energized, and MDMA making it really nice to be around the people, and making you feel connected and want to be in community. It's almost an art form to curate your own
Abstract
In order to evaluate the neurobiological mechanism causing the psychogenic effects of methylenedioxy-derivatives of amphetamine, the carbon-11 labeled analogues of 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA),2 and 2,N-dimethyl-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MADAM-6)4 were prepared for application in in-vivo PET studies by methylation of 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA)1 and 2-methyl-4,5-methylenedioxyamphetamine3 with [11C]CH3I. The radiochemical yield was determined in dependence on time, temperature and amount of precursor. The best conditions for a fast labeling reaction with carbon-11 on a preparative scale were found to be a reaction time of 10 min using 1 mg of the corresponding dimethyl-precursors1 or3, thus obtaining radiochemical yields of 60% (based on produced [11C]CH3I). Biodistribution studies were performed in rats, a high brain to blood ratio of 7.5 was observed for [11C]MDMA in contrast to a ratio of 3.7 for [11C]MADAM-6.
Drug overdose is the most common method in suicide attempts. Amitriptyline (AMT), a tricyclic antidepressant agent, known for potentially lethal cardiovascular and neurological effects, is used especially by intoxicated patients. The aim of this study was to validate a method for the determination of AMT in gastric lavage samples by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC). Artificial gastric lavage was used to obtain a better extraction procedure for AMT. The method was also applied to patients who attempted suicide with AMT. A validated, accurate, and rapid HPTLC-based method was developed for quantitation of AMT in gastric content of intoxicated patients. Extraction was done from 3 mL gastric lavage sample by liquid-liquid extraction procedure with ethyl acetate-n-heptane (1:1, w/w) in alkaline pH with 10.8. The mobile phase was an isocratic solvent system consisting of methanol-ammonia (25%) (98.5:1.5, v/v). 3,4-Methylenedioxy-Nmethamphetamine (MDMA) was used as internal standard (IS). Analytes were quantified by TLC Scanner operating under 209 nm. The retardation factors of AMT and MDMA were determined as 0.49 and 0.25, respectively. The analytical range was set as 10–250 ng spot−1 for AMT. Calibration was linear within the selected range in gastric lavage (r > 0.9995). Limit of detection and limit of quantification of AMT were found to be 5.1 and 17.3 ng spot−1, respectively. Recoveries of 25 ng spot−1 and 100 ng spot−1 concentrations were found 83.12% and 91.89%; bias% values were 10.91 and 3.19, respectively. The validated method was also applied on samples of five patients who attempted suicide by AMT, and concentrations in gastric lavage samples of 5 patients were found 7.1, 8.3, 9.9, 14.6, and 36.6 ng mL−1. This successfully validated method was applied to suicide cases, and it can be conveniently employed on both antemortem and postmortem cases suspected by amitriptyline.
effectiveness there is a need for the development of new treatments ( Cloitre, Stolbach, Herman, van der Kolk, Pynoose, Wang & Petkova, 2009 ). Pharmacologically assisted psychotherapy has been shown to be beneficial. MDMA
, Reed, and Aggarwal ( 2019 ) describe culturally informed research design and treatment issues, with respect to a 3,4-methylenedioxy-methamphetamine (MDMA)-assisted psychotherapy study for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at a university medical
150 155 Sano, R., Hasuike, T., Nakano, M., et al.: A fatal case of myocardial damage due to misuse of the “designer drug” MDMA. Leg. Med. (Tokyo), 2009, 11 , 294
