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restriction on the trigeminal ganglion: a morphometric study. Mech. Ageing Dev. 65 , 111-125. Effects of aging and food restriction on the trigeminal ganglion: a morphometric study Mech. Ageing Dev
thinned uneven-aged and clear-cut spruce stands. Ann. Zool. Fenn. 39:131-149. Boreal carabid-beetle (Coleoptera, Carabidae) assemblages in thinned uneven-aged and clear-cut spruce stands Ann. Zool
Introduction
The aim of this study was to explore spontaneous social interactions between dyads of unfamiliar adult dogs. Although intraspecific encounters are frequent events in the life of pet dogs, the factors that might influence encounters, such as sex, dyad composition, reproductive status, age, and state of cohabitation (keeping the dogs singly or in groups), remained unexplored.
Methods
In this study, we assigned unfamiliar, non-aggressive dogs to three types of dyads defined by sex and size. We observed their unrestrained, spontaneous behaviors in an unfamiliar dog park, where only the two dogs, the owners, and experimenter were present.
Results
We found that the dogs, on average, spent only 17% of the time (less than 1 min) in proximity. Sex, dyad composition, reproductive status, and age influenced different aspects of the interactions in dyads. Female dogs were more likely to initiate the first contact in their dyad but later approached the partner less frequently, were less likely to move apart, and displayed less scent marking. Following and moving apart were more frequent in male–male interactions. Neutered dogs spent more time following the other dog and sniffed other dogs more frequently. The time companion dogs spent in proximity and number of approaches decreased with age.
Conclusion
The study provides guidance for dog owners about the outcomes of intraspecific encounters based on the dog’s age, sex, and reproductive status, as well as the sex of the interacting partner.
Most of red wine's health benefits are attributed to polyphenols, which can express different biological effects. During ageing process, numerous chemical reactions occur, alternating phenolic composition of wine. Therefore, this paper focused on the influence of ageing on the evolution of wine phenolics (phenolic acids, flavonoids, stilbenes, and anthocyanins). Wines from 4 local grape varieties (Frankovka, Portugieser, Probus, and Rumenika) were analysed after 1 month and 4 years of ageing. Monomeric anthocyanin and total phenolic contents and antioxidative potential in aged wines were also determined. Among tested phenolics, main components in aged wines remained gallic acid (2.16–19.55 mg l−1) and catechin (8.39–37.21 mg l−1). The most prominent changes of analysed phenolic compounds during ageing were observed for p-coumaric acid (from +173.3% to +763.1%) and malvidin-3-glucoside (from +173.3% to +763.1%). Wine from Rumenika variety maintained the highest content of individual phenols after ageing. Additionally, aged wines had very low content of monomeric anthocyanins. Significant correlation (r= −0.93, P<0.05) between total phenolic content and IC50 values in aged wines was also noticed. Obtained results provide useful information about the quality preservation during aging and storage of these products.
and subjects studied An age- and gender-matched case-control survey of 45 patients who had multiple sclerosis attended in two public hospitals in Durango City, Mexico and 225 subjects without multiple sclerosis from the general population of the same
Barone, M. and T. Frank. 2003. Habitat age increases reproduction and nutritional condition in a generalist arthropod predator. Oecologia 135:78–83. Frank T. Habitat age increases
Jang, I., Chae, K., Cho, J. (2001) Effects of age and strain on small intestinal and hepatic antioxidant defense enzymes in Wister and Fisher 344 rats. Mech. Ageing Dev. 122 , 561–570. Cho J
2297 2306 Alvarez, P., Alvarado, C., Puerto, M., Schlumberger, A., Jimenez, L., De la Fuente, M. (2006) Improvement of leucocyte functions in prematurely aging mice after five
Gastrodia elata Blume polysaccharide (GEP) was extracted and then chemically characterised. Its antioxidant activity was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results of the in vitro investigation show that GEP consists of glucose with molecular weight of 875 185 Da and exhibits high hydroxyl radical scavenging, as well as 2,2-diphenyl-1- picrylhydrazyl activity and reducing capacity. For antioxidant activity in vivo, D-galactose-induced-aged mice were orally administered with three different doses of GEP over a period of 6 weeks. The administration of GEP dosedependently increased the body weight gain rates, liver and brain indices, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activities, and malondialdehyde levels in the sera and brains of ageing mice. These results suggest that GEP exhibits high antioxidant activity and can retard human ageing associated with free radicals.
. , Chiariotti , L. , Usiello , A. ( 2016 ) Age-related changes in D-Aspartate oxidase promoter methylation control extracellular D-Aspartate levels and prevent precocious cell death during brain aging . J. Neurosci. 36 , 3064 – 3078
