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cytoplasmic free calcium by cold or ion injection result in transient closure of higher plant plasmodesmata. Planta 210 , 329–335. Overall R L Physiological elevations in cytoplasmic free
Rokas, A., Melika, G., Abe, Y., Nieves-Aldrey, J. L., Cook, J. M., Stone, G. N. (2003) Lifecycle closure, lineage sorting and hybridization revealed in a phylogenetic analysis of European oak gallwasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae: Cynipini) using
1 13 Reed, B. H., Wilk, R., Lipshitz, H. D. (2001) Downregulation of Jun kinase signaling in the amnioserosa is essential for dorsal closure of the Drosophila embryo
Negash, L., Bjömn, L. O. (1986) Stomatal closure by ultraviolet radiation. Physiol. Plant. 66 , 360–364. Bjömn L. O. Stomatal closure by ultraviolet radiation
11 18 Valverde, T. and J. Silvertown. 1997. Canopy closure rate and forest structure. Ecology 78:1555-1562. Canopy closure rate and forest structure
, sand, basalt, marl). To determine the extent of differences in each species’ examined factors, in cases of each continuous variable (e.g., canopy closure and age of forest subcompartments), we used a single-variable analysis of variance (ANOVA). For
. Konvicka, R. Tropek, J. Benes, I.H. Tuf and J. Tufova. 2008. Does closure of traditionally managed open woodlands threaten epigeic invertebrates? Effects of coppicing and high deer densities. Biol. Conserv. 141: 827
-triggered hypersensitive response and stomatal closure. J. Exp. Bot. (doi:10.1093/jxb/erq189). Zybailov, B., Friso, G., Kim, J., Rudella, A., Rodríguez, V. R., Asakura, Y., Sun, Q., van Wijk, K. J. (2009) Large scale comparative
The photosynthetic responses induced by NaCl were investigated in the 7H Asakaze komugi/Manas wheat/barley addition line developed in the Agricultural Research Institute, Martonvásár, Hungary, in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Asakaze komugi (Akom) and wheat line Martonvásári 9 kr1 (Mv9kr1) and in the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cv. Manas. An increase in the NaCl concentration of the nutrient solution to 200 mmol L−1 resulted in considerable stomatal closure and a decreased net CO2 assimilation rate (A) in the wheat genotypes, while the changes in these parameters were less significant for barley and the 7H addition line. Parallel with this, a relatively high non-stomatal limitation (L m) of A was observed in wheat genotypes, which was not significant in Manas or the wheat-barley addition line at this level of salt stress. At severe stress (300 mM L−1 NaCl concentration) A and stomatal conductance were strongly inhibited in all the genotypes examined; however, L m was less significant in the addition line and its parental wheat genotype. These preliminary results suggest that the 7H Akom/Manas addition line might be a good candidate for improving the salt tolerance of wheat in the future, and encourage further detailed physiological analysis of this addition line.
Strong drought tolerance is an important objective in breeding new wheat varieties. We compared the drought tolerance of land races and modern varieties of various spring wheat forms. 13C discrimination (CID) indicated how significantly the tested wheat varieties were inclined to drought tolerance. CID is a trait related to stomatal closure and consequently an important component of the tolerance to drought. Samples were grown in České Budĕjovice (CZ), from 2009 to 2012. Twenty-three varieties, comprising einkorn, emmer, spelt, land races and control variety of bread wheat were grown and tested. Results have shown some varieties achieved low CID values (which meant they were more inclined to the drought tolerance). There were emmer and spelt varieties among them in particular. The spelt varieties which were inclined to the drought tolerance most significantly were — Triticum spelta No. 8930, Tabor 23 and Tabor 22. The emmer varieties called May-Emmer and Weisser Sommer were also inclined to drought tolerance significantly. By contrast, the intermediate forms, the modern (control) varieties of bread wheat, and einkorn varieties, were expected to be less tolerant to drought as well. Some of the wheat land races (the spelt and the emmer in particular) reached low values of CID. Therefore, they can play the role of drought tolerance donors in the wheat breeding programmes.
