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cefotaxime on the human corneal endothelium . J Cataract Refract Surg 27 , 250 – 255 ( 2001 ) 10.1016/S0886-3350(00)00474-0 18. Matsuura K
Eskinder, H., Harder, D. R., Lombard, J. H.: Role of the vascular endothelium in regulating the response of small arteries of the dog kidney to transmural pressure elevation and reduced PO 2 . Circ. Res
–298. 24 Langenbucher A, Nguyen NX, Kus MM, et al. Regression analysis of corneal endothelium after nonmechanical penetrating keratoplasty. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 2000; 216: 393–399. [Article in German
Circumferential stretch due to increases in pressure induces vascular smooth muscle cell depolarization and contraction known as the myogenic response. The aim of this study was to determine the in vivoeffects of axial-longitudinal stretch of the rat saphenous artery (SA) on smooth muscle membrane potential (Em) and on external diameter. Consecutive elongations of the SA were carried out from resting length (L0) in 10% increments up to 140% L0while changes in membrane potential and diameter were determined in intact and de-endothelized vessels. Axial stretching resulted in a small initial depolarization at 120% of L0followed by a progressive 20 to 33% hyperpolarizaion of vascular smooth muscle between 130% and 140% of L0. At 140%, an average maximal 10.6 mV reversible hyperpolarization was measured compared to –41.2±0.49 mV Em at 100% L0. De-endothelialization completely eliminated the hyperpolarization to axial stretching and augmented the reduction of diameter beyond 120% L0. These results indicate that arteries have a mechanism to protect them from vasospasm that could otherwise occur with movements of the extremities.
The population in the Western world is aging. In 1996 those aged 60 years and over formed 21% of the EU population, by 2022 this proportion will have risen to 27%. Based on current trends a third of the EU population could be 60 years of age and over by the age 2050.Epidemiological studies suggest that even in the absence of other risk factors (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia), advanced age itself significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity by promoting the development of atherosclerosis and by impairing normal cellular functions. One of the most prominent organs affected by aging is the kidney. There is evidence that age-associated phenotypic changes may be an important cause of renal failure. We propose that vascular oxidative stress and inflammation are generalized phenomena during senescence, which importantly contribute to the morphological and functional changes in the aging kidney. The present review focuses on some of the mechanisms by which advanced age may promote vascular oxidative and nitrosative stress and the possible downstream mechanisms by which reactive oxygen and nitrogen species may impair vascular and renal function in aging.
syndrome Diabetes 52 1270 – 1275 . [13]. G. M. Pieper 1999 Enhanced, unaltered and impaired nitric oxide-mediated endothelium dependent relaxation in experimental diabetes mellitus: importance of disease duration Diabetologia 42 204
. 2000 267 7094 7101 Furchgott, R. F., Jothianandan, D.: Endothelium dependent and indedependent
administration of statins. Since its discovery in the 1980s, nitric oxide is in fact the elusive endothelium-derived relaxing factor, it has become evident that nitric oxide is not only a major cardiovascular signaling molecule, but changes in its
J Parasitol 77 982 – 988 . 15. W.C. Aird 2007 Phenotypic heterogeneity of the endothelium: II
. Lüscher 1993 Endothelium-dependent regulation in ophthalmic and ciliary arteries Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 34 1772 . [3]. P. Meyer J. Flammer T. F. Lüschner 1993 Endothelium-dependent regulation of the ophtahalmic
