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level changes: an integrated approach . Society of Economic Paleontologists and Mineralogists Special Publication , 42 : 392 . Zaitlin , B.A. , Dalrymple , R.W. , Boyd , R. , and Leckie , D. ( 1994b ). The stratigraphic organization of
, W.A. 2006 : The social organisation of early copper age tribes on the Great Hungarian Plain . – British Archaeological Reports , 1573 , pp. 123 – 156
words of Kowalski (2007) , is to present the user with a visual representation of the document space limited by the search criteria, ultimately resulting in better data organization, and to help determine the precise location of the information
The organizational activity carried out by W Foerster is described in connection with events following the Krakatoa eruption in 1883.
Recently, significant efforts were attempted to the re-organization of the former network established in the early 80’s. As a result, sixteen digital accelerograph stations were installed most of them concentrated in seismic active, densely populated and industrialized areas. In fact, analog SMA-1 recorders were replaced by digital QDR-s upgrading thus network’s effectiveness. A number of accelerograms from small magnitude events have been recorded and data were properly processed in order to obtain the maximum ground motion parameters. Particular importance was devoted to the “band-pass” filter parameters in order to eliminate the noise that influences the spectral characteristics of the signal as well as the absolute values of maximum ground motion parameters in case of strong earthquakes.
The Romanian Seismic Network consisting of 8 short-period stations (S13), 60 Altus — K2 and Q330 seismic stations, is primarily designed to survey the Vrancea seismic region (strong and moderate Vrancea earthquakes). Since July 2002, a new seismic monitoring system, Bucovina Seismic Array (BURAR) has been operating. BURAR consists of 12 seismic stations distributed on a 5 km × 5 km area. 9 stations are equipped with short-period (SP) vertical sensors (GS-21 res) and one station is equipped with broad-band (BB) three component sensor (KS 54000). Broad-band sensors GMG40T (1000V/cm/s) were installed at 5 of the short-period stations, at the beginning of 2008. Recently, NIEP has developed its real-time digital seismic network. This network consists of 21 broad band stations and one seismic array. In the next year NIEP will install additional broad band stations in the central part of Romanian territory and other 40 strong motions stations in Bucharest.At the National Data Centre (NDC) runs BRTT’s Antelope™ 4.9 data acquisition and processing software on two HP workstations for real-time and post processing. The Antelope Real-Time System is also providing automatic event detection, arrival picking, event location and magnitude calculation.The Romanian Seismic Network is already linked with IRIS and ORFEUS organizations and other European countries via Internet and is contributing in near real time with waveform data from 5 broadband stations.The seismotectonic characteristics of the Vrancea region offer the opportunity to create and develop a rapid seismic warning system. This system allows warning in an approximately 25 seconds time window for Bucharest.
According to the number of people lost in earthquakes during 20th century as well as in a single (March 4, 1977) earthquake during this century (1574 people, including 1424 in Bucharest), Romania can be ranked the 3rd country in Europe, after Italy and Turkey. Romania is followed by the former Yugoslavia and by the Greece (Bolt 1995, Coburn and Spence 1992). The World Bank loss estimation after the 1977 earthquake (Report No. P-2240-RO, 1978) indicates that from the total loss (2.05 Billion US) more than 2/3 was in Bucharest, where 32 tall buildings collapsed. Half of the total loss was accumulated from buildings damage. The 1977 direct loss and indirect consequences of loss mark probably the starting point of economical decay of Romania during the next decade. They also explain the present concern of civil engineers and Romanian Government for assessment and reduction of seismic risk in Romania. The World Map of Natural Hazards prepared by the Münich Re (1998) indicates for Bucharest: "Large city with Mexico-city effect". The map focuses the dangerous phenomenon of long (1.6 s) predominant period of soil vibration in Bucharest during strong Carpathians Vrancea earthquakes. The Bucharest and Lisbon are the only two European cities falling into Mexico-city category. International experts and organizations agreed that Bucharest is the capital city in Europe characterised by the highest seismic risk. The paper presents: 1. Codes and standards for design of earthquake resistance of structures (1940-2000) and the draft of the new seismic Romanian code P100; 2. The structure of existing building stock in Bucharest; 3. The most vulnerable to earthquake categories of buildings, located on the soft soil condition of Bucharest: -tall reinforced concrete buildings in central Bucharest built prior to 1940 and severely damaged by the past 1977 event;tall reinforced concrete buildings with soft ground-floor built in Bucharest prior to 1977. Hospitals buildings, university buildings and other buildings, classified as having a high risk of severe damage/collapse in case of a strong earthquake; Enlargement of the existing seismic networks of Romania by two recent projects of INCERC and State Inspectorate for Construction and of NCERR and Japan International Cooperation Agency. In the last 6 months in Romania, the two projects provided about 50 (18 in Bucharest) digital Kinemetrics instruments (K2 and ETNA): in free field condition, in deep boreholes as well as in tall buildings.
29 240 249 DWQ 2011: Guidelines for Drinking Water Quality. 4 th ed. - World Health Organization
indicates the awareness of soil science as a natural resource on which our life depends ( VAN BAREN et al., 2000 ; HARTEMINK, 2015a ). With 200 years of study in soil science as a discipline with the help of IUSS and other international organisations, the
. Construction and Building Materials . 24 . ( 2 ) 171 – 180 . ISO , 2014 . ISO 22262–2:2014 Air quality–Bulk materials–Part 2: Quantitative determination of asbestos by gravimetric and microscopical methods . International Organisation for Standardisation
