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’ the Slovak region if the federal state was to be maintained was undoubtedly one of the concerns on the Czech side. It was known – although the actual numbers were not disclosed – that the eastern regions were the recipients of substantial fiscal
The incentive problem is a vital issue in all transition economies and China is not an exception. This paper summarises how China partially solved this problem at early stages of post-Mao reforms and why the Chinese solution is only transitory, which explains severe problems that China is facing now. The paper also discusses the incentive mechanisms in the judicial system and the effect of the soft budget constraint (SBC) syndrome on incentives, including the relationship between institutions and innovation.
8 Sato, J. - Shiga, H. - Kobayashi, T. (2011): “Emerging Donors” from a Recipient Perspective: An Institutional Analysis of Foreign Aid in Cambodia. World Development 39(12): 2091
The paper considers two aspects of the targeting of unemployment benefit systems: (a) the probability that benefit is received in the population of those unemployed on standard international criteria of search and availability, and (b) the probability in the population of benefit recipients that search is conducted. The focus is on Hungary but stylised facts for a range of Central European countries and two EU comparators are derived in the first part of the paper. The second part of the paper finds that most of the large decline in coverage of the Hungarian unemployed by insurance benefit (received by only a quarter of the searching stock in 1997) cannot be explained by changes in the composition of unemployment observable in labour force survey data (including unemployment duration). The probability of active search (search other than through a state employment office) is found to be very similar for those receiving insurance and assistance benefit.
Abstract
The spread of digital culture is one of the biggest reprogramming of humanity, radically transforming our economic, social, and cultural models. One of the keys to success of this transformation, and to preventing the spread of digital divides, is the development of a variety of literacies. These literacies describe the success of society and business to thrive in the digital space. In this article, we introduce a new concept of action literacy (online trust literacy) and examine its functioning from both a social and a business perspective through two primary research studies. After defining the phenomenon, we examine it from two sides: the first part examines the dimensional structure of trust from the perspective of society (through a large, representative sample-based survey), while the second part analyses the building and operational mechanisms of trust from a business perspective (through a small sample of exploratory data collection). The main implications of this study are to demonstrate the Janus-faced nature of this new kind of literacy and the ambiguity of digital culture to better understand the toolset of information recipients and providers. The result of our research is the introduction of a new concept of action literacy and its operationalisation, resulting in an interpretation matrix.
Change: A Role for Donor Intent . World Development , 39 ( 11 ): 2021 – 2031 . Berthélemy , J. C. ( 2006 ): Bilateral Donors’ Interest vs. Recipients’ Development
attractive to private sector investors ( UNCTAD 2018 ). Furthermore, ODA does not generally create a liability for the recipient country. 3 Although existing studies are yet to investigate the role of foreign aid in escaping the MIT, there is ample
searching and remaining unemployed. More generous welfare systems do not only increase the reservation wage of the recipients, but also encourage a less intensive search for new employment in comparison with unemployed persons who are not entitled to
this AfT category. The interventions often include training and analyses. These can then lead to more favorable trade arrangements that provide the recipient countries with better and cheaper market access for their exports, and cheaper imports
://www.project-syndicate.org/commentary/schengen-open-borders-help-security-by-daniel-gros-2015-12 Heinen , N. ( 2011 ): EU Net Contributor or Net Recipient. Just a Matter of Your Standpoint ? Deutsche Bank Research, http
