Search Results
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient for human health but it is deficient in at least 1 billion people around the globe. Cereals are by far the most significant agricultural crops, not only on a gross tonnage basis, but also by what they represent in terms of energy supply and dietary intake for human nutrition worldwide. Portugal is no exception to such pattern. The Portuguese situation is difficult to assess though, due to scarce information and lack of consistent studies on the subject. In these terms, the Se status of major cereals and their cultivation soils are dealt with herein. Two species of wheat–bread and durum wheat–were sown at the end of November 2009, and then sampled in different growth stages. Rye was collected during harvest season, and cultivation soils were analyzed as well. Se results were within the range of: 100–225 ng g−1 for soils; 3–55 ng g−1 for durum wheat; 6–80 ng g−1 for bread wheat; and 4–30 ng g−1 for rye. Accuracy of the RNAA procedure was proved by analysis of reference materials NIST-SRM 1515 and NIST-SRM 8433.
J.P. Metraux, H. Signer, J. Ryals, E. Ward, M. Wyss-Benz, G. Gaudin, K. Raschdorf, E. Schmid, W. Blum, B. Inverardi , Science 250 (1990) 1004–1009. Inverardi B
. Rice , CP , Park , YB , Adam , F , Abdul-baki , AA , Teasdale , JR . 2005 . Hydroxamic acid content and toxicity of rye at selected growth stages . J Chem Eco . 31 : 1887 – 1905 10.1007/s10886-005-5933-6 . 5
. Wörmeyer , B , Ingrama , T , Saake , B , Brunner , G , Smirnova , I . Comparison of different pretreatment methods for lignocellulosic materials. Part II: influence of pretreatment on the properties of rye straw lignin . Bioresour Technol . 2011
. Matthews , ME , Atkinson , I , Lubaina Presswala , Najjar , O , Nadine Gerhardstein , Wei , R , Elizabeth Rye , Riga , AT . Dielectric classification of d and l amino acids by thermal analytical methods . J Therm Anal Calorim . 2008 ; 93
. Xiao , B , Sun , XF , Sun , R . Chemical, structural, and thermal characterizations of alkali-soluble lignins and hemicelluloses, and cellulose form maize stem, rye straw, and rice straw . Polym Degrad Stab . 2001 ; 74 : 307 – 319 . 10.1016/S
, O , Gerhardstein , N , Wei , R , Rye , E , Riga , AT . Dielectric classification of D- and L-amino acids by thermal and analytical methods . J Therm Anal Calorim . 2008 ; 93 : 281 – 287 . 10.1007/s10973
-009-0036-1 . 16. Matthews , ME , Atkinson , I , Presswalla , L , Najjar , O , Gerhardstein , N , Wei , R , Rye , E , Riga , AT . Dielectric classification of D- and L-amino acids by thermal and analytical methods . J
The Westsik’s long-term crop rotation experiment was set up in 1929 at the Nyíregyháza Experimental Station (NE Hungary) on a slightly acidic Arenosol. Besides fallow crop rotation (CR), effects of different organic amendments (lupine as green manure, lupine as main crop, straw manure, and farmyard manure (FYM) were studied with or without N or NPK-fertilizers. The crop rotation consisted of rye, potato, lupine, and oat with common vetch. The soil of potato plots was analysed in 2019 at the 90th anniversary of Westsik’s crop rotation experiment.
The following chemical and microbiological soil parameters were determined: soil pH, available nutrient contents, organic carbon (OC) and nitrogen (ON) contents, microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN), soil respiration, net nitrification, and activity of some soil enzymes.
In the CRs, the soil pHH2O varied from acidic to weakly alkaline and it largely differed from pHKCl. The results showed a significant increase in the content of nitrate, available phosphorus and potassium in most of the fertilized plots. Applying straw, green manure, or FYM significantly increased the OC and ON contents. The total count of cultivable bacteria increased upon the application of the organic manures. Combined application of straw manure and N-fertilization heavily improved the abundance of the microscopic fungi.
While all the applied organic manures significantly enhanced the MBC, the MBN increased only by the green manure amendment. Our results revealed higher soil respiration rate in the plots receiving straw or FYM than in the control. Both green manure and FYM elevated the net nitrification rate. Phosphatase, saccharase, urease, and dehydrogenase enzymes showed a hesitating response to the manure application in the different CRs.
The soil respiration and dehydrogenase activity correlated to most of the measured chemical parameters. Among microbiological properties, the MBC and MBN, as well as dehydrogenase and other enzyme activities displayed a positive correlation. Results proved the need for the exogenous application of organic matter in the form of organic manures to enhance the nutritional status and health of the soil.
Introduction Mature grains of rye, wheat, and maize have been recently discovered to contain natural products (secondary metabolites) of the benzoxazinoid type. They are divided into groups according to their structures
