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This paper describes the structure of the projected dictionary of philosophical terms created by the Russian religious philosopher Nikolai Fedorov. An original typology of Fedorov’s philosophical terms is presented: derivation and semantic neologisms, reinterpreted lexemes of everyday language and terms of other sciences. The proposed structure of lexicographic description can be used in the analysis of other terminological systems.
Le réseau de validation terminologique VALITER
A VALITER terminológia-validáló hálózat
Summary
Terminology validation network VALITER. The European Union, as a community of law, produces a considerable amount of legislation. Given the primacy of EU law and its precedence over national law, the accuracy of terminology is the cornerstone for equivalent legal certainty in all language versions. Cooperation between the institutional translators of the EU and national specialists is essential to develop and consolidate a high quality level of terminology. We present in this paper the terminology validation network VALITER, developed by D.1 Unit (Field Offices and Relations with the Representations) and the Spanish Department of the Directorate General for Translation of the European Commission, in cooperation with AETER (Spanish Association for Terminology) and with the active involvement of various committees and expert groups.
A tanulmány tárgyát képező svájci jogi-közigazgatási terminológiai adatbank alapjait még 1987-ben fektették le, jelentős múlttal rendelkező projektről van tehát szó. Az adatbankot mind a mai napig frissítik és használják, sőt, nemrég számottevő, felhasználóbarát újításokat is végrehajtottak rajta. A TermDat létrejöttének körülményeit, típusát, felépítésének adatmezőit ismertetjük a tanulmányban, mivel ezek az információk számos tanulsággal szolgálhatnak akár hazai terminológiai adatbázisok létrehozására. Sőt, az alaposabb megismerés elősegítésére az olvasó még a háttérben folyó terminológiai munkába is betekintést nyerhet.
Absztrakt
Eugen Wüster a terminológiatan megteremtőjeként ismert, műveire sokan hivatkoznak a magyar nyelvészek közül is, de egyik műve sem olvasható magyar nyelven. E tanulmány célja Wüster két fő művének magyar nyelven történő ismertetése. Az eredetileg disszertációként írt, 1931-ben nyomtatásban is megjelent Internationale Sprachnormung in der Technik, besonders in der Elektrotechnik (Nemzetközi nyelvi szabványosítás a technikában, különösen az elektrotechnikában) című művét a diszciplína elméleti alapvetéseként tartják számon (Wüster 1931, 19662, 19703). Az utolsó, már halála után megjelent Einführung in die Allgemeine Terminologielehre und Terminologische Lexikographie (Bevezetés az általános terminológiatudományba és terminológiai lexikográfiába) című művében számos új, illetve az első könyvhöz képest jelentősen megváltozott gondolattal találkozunk (Wüster 1979). Ennek a könyvnek a bemutatását elsősorban ezekre az újdonságokra és változásokra korlátozom. Az összegzésben összefoglalom a változások feltételezhető okait és következményeit, illetve felsorolom azokat a jelenleg is a terminológia különböző területeivel foglalkozó szakembereket, akikre német nyelvterületen nagy hatást gyakorolt Wüster munkássága.
Abstract
The essay rejects the idea that 'collective identity' and 'cultural identity' are necessarily the same. Its aim is to preserve the usefulness of the former notion, by introducing 'the integrative circle of collective identity' as a terminological toolbox. This diagrammatic formula may help us find a common terminological language with which to handle the multitude of concrete variations on the theme of the collective in literary works. The second half of the paper demonstrates the theory in E. L. Doctorow's World's Fair and Leslie Marmon Silko's Ceremony by focusing on their representation of ceremony and ritual. Although the textual analysis cannot take up all the implications of the model, it hopes to propose a new and fruitful form of analysis.
The aim of this paper is to discuss the pre-modern social use of elevating/denigrating addressing terms, i.e., howthe whole vocabularyof denigrating/elevating addressing terms can be categorised. The question is how many significant social groups existed in pre-modern China which had their own self-denigrating terminology as speakers, and other-elevating-terminology as addressees. Although the social distribution of non-familiar elevating/denigrating addressing terms seems to be chaotic, I shall try to prove that a certain socio-pragmatic system, a system of social power, of these terms exists, according to which the elevating/denigrating addressing vocabulary can be classified. This classification will also help understand the systematic use of these terms.
Our epigraphic terminology usually applies the name of cursive script to every kind of scratched inscriptions, although they were written in significantly different styles. Apart from the strange terminology, the major problems in the palaeography of Roman scratches are those of datation, and of the question: whom are those inscriptions to be connected with? The writing manner which might be called really cursive appears mostly on bricks and the tabulae ceratae; partially cursive texts occur 1) in the handwriting of more skilled writers, 2) in the writing of some special letters, most of all ‖, 3) when copying cursive scripts. It is the reason why functionally illiterate stone-cutters produce ununderstandable inscriptions, misinterpretating the cursive models. With some care, such misinterpretations can be explained and thus the meaningless texts reconstructed.
To make communication fast and effective, English loan-words appear one after the other in the terminology of informatics. National languages strive for replacing foreign terms with native equivalents. Nevertheless, numerous examples prove that it is an English word that survives since a native term does not mean the same. In Bulgarian a lot of English loan-words are found in the language of informatics, too. The linguistic adaptation of these terms is still going on.
The interwar period was crucial for the development of Polish–Ukrainian relations in the following decades. Political commentaries, studies in linguistics, social sciences, and legislative acts from this period reflect the changes of Polish attitudes towards the Ukrainian minority. In the late 1920s and 1930s, the traditional and exonymic terminology Rusin and ruski was gradually replaced by the new forms Ukrainiec and ukraiński.
Volodymyr Navroc’kyj
Beispiel eines engagierten Ukrainophilen aus den 1860ern
Galicia in the second half of the 19th century was home to two main groups which differed in their attitudes toward the composition of the Ukrainian literary language: one group (the West Ukrainian Russophiles) favoured the use of a standard language heavily influenced by Russian and Church Slavic elements, the second one took attempts to create a modern Ukrainian (“Ruthenian”) language prevalently on the basis of the folk language. Volodymyr Navroc’kyj, who was one of the founders of the Galician Ukrainian national movement and took an active part in the development of the national idea among the “narodovci”, realised the obligation of participating in the process of national building as well as in the formation of Ukrainian terminologies, particularly terminologies of natural sciences. A detailed analysis of his morphology, his grammar, and his lexical base, particularly his contribution to the development of Ukrainian terminologies, reflects the will to create the Galician variant of the Modern Ukrainian standard language and shows how this variant of the Ukrainian language was heterogeneous and complex.
