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emerged about the lived experience of participants, a theme of traumatic histories emerged in their backgrounds. Consistent with contemporary research showing that adverse childhood experiences significantly increase the likelihood of substances use
: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale . Psychological Assessment , 9 ( 4 ), 445 – 451 . Gette , J. A. , Gissandaner , T. D. , Littlefield , A. K. , Simmons , C. S. , & Schmidt , A. T. ( 2022 ). Modeling the adverse childhood experiences
mice . Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry , 48 : 199 – 206 . Lipsky , R.K. , McDonald , C.C. , Souders , M.C. , Carpio , C.C. , and Teitelman , A.M. ( 2022 ). Adverse childhood experiences, the serotonergic
al., 2006 ; Vorobyeva, 2016 ) or virtual reality ( Messinger et al., 2008 ). Literature shows that adverse childhood experiences can lead to the structural dissociation of the personality ( Nijenhuis, 2015 ; van der Hart, Nijenhuis, & Steele, 2006
decreased mood, increased stress, and anxiety. Low conscientiousness is associated with mental distress and psychopathology ( Reid & Carpenter, 2009 ). It is plausible that the association reported in this study is a result of adverse childhood experiences
of Epidemiology & Community Health , 62 ( 10 ), 862 – 868 . https://doi.org/10.1136/jech.2007.068114 . 10.1136/jech.2007.068114 Poole , J. C. , Kim , H. S. , Dobson , K. S. , & Hodgins , D. C. ( 2017 ). Adverse childhood experiences and
men with HD from this sample demonstrated a higher level of overall adverse childhood experiences, emotional neglect, and sexual abuse. In summary, it seems likely that a lack of trust in others and an inability to cope effectively with negative
al., 2019 ). In the I-PACE model, childhood maltreatment plays a pivotal role in the onset of several types of addictive behaviors. Several studies have also indicated that individuals with adverse childhood experiences have the potential to experience
. , Cao , B. , Chen , W. , Li , J. , Zhang , Y. , & Guo , V. Y. ( 2022 ). Association of adverse childhood experiences and social isolation with later-life cognitive function among adults in China [Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov
efforts should be focused on multiple-behavior interventions (e.g., drug and alcohol use) specifically among boys and adolescent with mental health vulnerabilities. Early life stressors, specifically adverse childhood experiences and trauma screening and