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hindered their further development. This problem is called the capacity crisis. The most vital cause is the aging of the population. Fluctuations in supply chains can be perceived as a short-term risk, always associated with a specific event or crisis
); education status, income level and age ( Swanson 2007 ); gender ( Solon et al. 1994 ) and race ( Bils 1985 ; Tremblay 1990 ). The literature on real wage cyclicality, which considers the composition bias, is dominated by the evidence from the
convergence is stronger than the other way around. However, it is noteworthy that an increasing life expectancy has a positive effect on economic convergence despite the rapidly ageing CEE societies. Considering the progress in well-being, the low
, especially if the rate was low, as was the case in the post-socialist European countries. The increased propensity to save, so to put aside a growing proportion of disposable income, is associated with uncertain prospects for the future, ageing of populations
the economy and culture, as well as automation and artificial Intelligence (AI), demographic changes, especially the aging of the population and the huge variations in fertility rates, environmental changes, especially the depletion of non
://www.tiger.edu.pl/publikacje/dist/Johnston.pdf Jorgenson , D. W., Stiroh , K. J. ( 2000 ): Raising the Speed Limit: U.S. Economic Growth in the Information Age . Brookings Papers on Economic Activity, (1), pp. 125 – 211 . From http
. 17 Let us just shortly decipher some major exaptations appeared during TEPs. 1st TEP: the age of new manufacturing processes ○ The Spinning Jenny: was a significant invention during the first industrial revolution ( Gragnolati et al. 2013 ). It was
–204). Nehring et al. (2015) explored the drivers of the profitability of the U.S. broiler poultry farms. They found that farm size, diversification, region, farmer age, and off-farm employment were the key determinants of business performance of broiler poultry
, the health and wealth indicators have been dealt with more extensively. For instance, Michaud – Van Soest (2008) used the US Health and Retirement Study to investigate the relationship between wealth and health variables for couples aged 51 to 61. In
per capita growth ( Prettner 2013 ). The aging of the population and remaining health inequalities among the EU countries and their regions, as well as various social clusters within the EU population, are current problems in Europe ( Spinakis et al
