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different MacConkey agar plates containing ampicillin (100 mg L −1 ) plus rifampicin (50 mg L −1 ) and cefotaxime (100 mg L −1 ) plus rifampicin (50 mg L −1 ) were prepared. Plasmid sizing by S1 nuclease Whole genomic DNA of the S. flexneri isolates was
), according to EUCAST (2021b) . Disc diffusion agar test was performed on MHA for the following 17 different antibiotics: ampicillin (AMP; Oxoid, CTOOO3B, 10 µg), amoxicillin clavulanic acid (AMC; Oxoid, CT0223B, 30 µg), aztreonam (ATM; Oxoid CT0264B, 30 µg
Abstract
This paper reports results of the study on the influence of β-irradiation on the physical and chemical properties of selected salts of β-lactam antibiotics in solid state (sodium salt: ampicillin, azlocillin, benzylpenicillin, carbenicillin and piperacillin; potassium salt of benzylpenicillin, ampicillin anhydricum, ampicillin trihydricum, amoxicillin trihydricum and bacampicillin hydrochloride). The source of irradiation was a linear accelerator of electrons, and the irradiation effects were checked on the basis of the following: determination of mass, melting point and water contrent, and spectrophotometric (UV, IR) chromatographic and thermal (DTG, DSC) studies.
treat Salmonella infections, especially in children. However, studies have shown a diversification in Salmonella antibiotic resistance, with increased resistance not only to conventional antibiotics such as ampicillin, streptomycin, and
Beta-lactams Amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (AMC: 30 μg) Ampicillin (AMP: 30 μg) Cefotaxime (CTX: 30 μg) Cefoxitin (FOX: 30 μg) Ceftazidime (CAZ: 30 μg) Ceftriaxone (CRO: 30 μg) Cell-wall synthesis inhibitor Carbapenems Imipenem (IPM: 30 μg) Meropenem (MEM
isolates to 16 antibiotics was determined by the disc diffusion agar method, according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines [ 17 ]. Commercially available antibiotic discs (Mast, Co., Merseyside, UK) were included: Ampicillin
: Streptococcus pneumoniae with decreased susceptibility to penicillin, Nm: Neisseria meningitis , MDSP: Neisseria meningitis with decreased susceptibility to penicillin, Hi: Haemophilus influenzae , ampR: ampicillin resistant Haemophilus influenzae , NT
The synergy between gentamicin and vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin and linezolid was studied by time-kill method. Two clinical vancomycin resistant enterococci (VRE) and two vancomycin susceptible enterococci (VSE) isolates were used. Different concentrations of antibiotics were combined. Two VSE strains and the control strain exhibited synergism with the combination of gentamicin, vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin and linezolid. Two VRE strains exhibited synergism with the combination of gentamicin and ampicillin. Synergy between gentamicin and vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid was not observed against these isolates. The VRE isolates were positive for vanA, aac (6′)-Ie aph (2“) and aph (3′)-IIIa genes and their vancomycin, teicoplanin and gentamicin MICs were 512 μg/ml, 512 μg/ml and >4000 μg/ml, respectively. In order to treat serious enterococcal infections, further clinical evaluation is needed to examine the in vitro combined effects of gentamicin and vancomycin, teicoplanin and linezolid.
Commercial importance and ability to live in a wide range of salinities have made the common mussel, Mytilus trossulus, a relevant model to study modulation of larval growth and development. We investigated the effects of various salinities combined with neomycin and ampicillin application on Mytilus larvae survival and growth. Both neomycin and ampicillin enhanced trochophore and veliger survival under condition of low salinity. The average veliger size was increasing in accordance with the increase of salinity. In case of neomycin treatment 3.6% of the larvae reached the pediveliger stage. No abnormalities of larval morphology of the FMRFamide and 5-HT systems occurred after 7 days of culturing with both antibiotics.
Riemerella anatipestifer causes anatipestifer disease in many avian species. A total of 185 R. anatipestifer strains isolated in Hungary between 2000 and 2014 from geese and ducks were tested against 13 antibiotics (ampicillin, doxycycline, enrofloxacin, erythromycin, florfenicol, flumequine, gentamicin, penicillin, spectinomycin, streptomycin, sulphamethoxazole—trimethoprim, sulphonamide compounds, and tetracycline) by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The majority of the strains were susceptible to florfenicol (97.9%), ampicillin (95.1%), penicillin (93%), sulphamethoxazole—trimethoprim (92.4%), and spectinomycin (86.5%). The highest resistance rates were observed for flumequine, tetracycline, erythromycin and streptomycin (94%, 91.4%, 75.1% and 71.4% resistance, respectively). The resistance patterns showed some variation depending on the geographical origin of the strains. The average rate of extensive drug resistance was 30.3%, and its proportion tended to increase in the period examined.
