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The interaction between salinity (8 and 12 dS m −1 ) and three levels (40, 80 and 120 kg ha −1 ) of different forms of nitrogen (NO 3 − , NH 4 + and NO 3 − + NH 4 + ) were studied in Brassica juncea cv. RH-30. The plants were salinized with 8 and 12 dS m −1 at 35 and 55 days after sowing. The relative water content (RWC), water potential (Ψ w ) and osmotic potential (Ψ s ) exhibited a marked decline under salinity stress. The application of the combined form (NO 3 − + NH 4 + ) of nitrogen (120 kg ha −1 ) considerably improved the water status and mitigated the adverse effect of salinity on growth. The salinity-induced osmotic effect led to stomatal closure and caused a substantial reduction in net photosynthetic rate (P N ), stomatal conductance (g s ) and transpiration rate (E) at the pre-flowering and flowering stages (45 and 65 DAS). Salinity effects were considerably moderated by additional nitrogen supply, which varied with the source of nitrogen, the level of salinity/fertilizer and the stage of plant growth. The inhibition in photosynthesis was relatively greater in ammonium-fed (NH 4 + ) than in nitrate-fed (NO 3 − ) plants, while the transpiration rate was relatively lower in nitrate-fed plants grown either with or without saline water irrigation. The nitrate form of nitrogen @ 120 kg ha −1 proved best in alleviating the adverse effect of salinity on photosynthesis and transpiration at both the growth stages.
Changes in the microclimate and transpiration of reedbeds on the shores of Lake Balaton, some still standing in water and some from which the water has receded, were examined in Keszthely Bay during the 2003 vegetation cycle, after canopy closure. Microclimate data were recorded using combined sensors connected to a data-collector. Ten-minute means calculated from data recorded every two seconds were used as the basis of comparison. Transpiration was quantified using the shoot mass loss method. The leaf area index of reeds growing on dry areas was greater than that of plants rooted in the lake. This difference was moderate at first, but increased greatly during the vegetative phase, and could be attributed primarily to differences in plant density and leaf size, and to the effect of waves. Among the components of the microclimate, the humiditywithin the stand was 8-20% greater for plants growing in water, irrespective of the weather and the development stage. The daily mean air temperature was lower in the dry stand, and exhibited considerable daily fluctuations. The mean daily sum of transpiration, averaged over three sample days, was 16.5% lower in the dry stand. The plot of daily changes in transpiration exhibited two peaks for the dry stand and one for the wet stand.
, A. L., Davies, W. J. (2001): Rapid low temperature-induced stomatal closure occurs in cold-tolerant C ommelina communis leaves. Plant Physiol. , 126 , 1566–1578. Davies W. J
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/00. Karn , A. , Arndt , R. E. A. , Hong , J. ( 2016 ) An experimental investigation into supercavity closure mechanisms . Journal of Fluid Mechanics 789 : 259 – 284 . Li
Ray, J. D., Sinclair, T. R. (1997): Stomatal closure of maize hybrids in response to drying soil. Crop Sci. , 37 , 803–807. Sinclair T. R. Stomatal closure of maize hybrids in
computer skills and conflict management. 70.8% of children were supervised by their parents and 18.6% were alone or with their sibling without adult supervision during school closure ( Table 1 ). Table 1
closure of the TEF in conjunction with airway restoration using a muscle flap interposition based on the defect's size and absence of airway stenosis [ 1 , 12 , 27 , 28 ]. Differences in single vs. double-layer closure techniques and in the tissue used
2013 Coronatine inhibits stomatal closure and delays hypersensitive response cell death induced by nonhost bacterial pathogens Peer J 1 e34
