Search Results
Egy korábbi tanulmányban ismertetésre kerültek a vulgáris latin nyelvtani nemi rendszer jellemzői, viszont ekkor nem került sor az adatok statisztikai eszközökkel történő megvizsgálására. Jelen tanulmány célja, hogy statisztikai eszközök, elsődlegesen khi-négyzet-próbák segítségével lehessen árnyalni a korábbi eredményeket, továbbá meg lehessen vizsgálni különböző, a szakirodalomban felmerülő kérdéseket, így például, hogy jogos-e egyes hibák hiperkorrekt olvasata.
Семантика та поширення унгаризму салаш у карпатському діалектному ареалі
The Semantics and Spread of the Hungarian Word salash in the Carpathian Dialect Area
Метою даної статті є дослідження розвитку фонетичної форми та семантики, визначення походжен-ня та поширення слова салаш у говірках карпатського ареалу, а також у континуумі балканських та слов’янських мов. Робота проведена в руслі традиційних проблем балканських та карпатських сту-дій, кінцевою метою яких є збирання, опис семантики та вивчення походження ідіоетнічної куль-турної лексики давнього пастушого населення цього етномовного континууму, зрозуміти шляхи і час утворення цього етнокультурного феномена та його спільної лексики.
Матеріалом для аналізу у статті послужили загальномовні, спеціальні та діалектні словники, а також діалектологічні атласи та лінгвістичні карти слов’янських і балканських мов (української, російської, словенської, болгарської, македонської, сербської, словацької, польської, румунської та ін.) та їх карпатських діалектів. У дослідженні використано методи семантико-фонетичного аналі-зу варіантів слова у лексикографічних джерелах, інтерпретації лінгвістичних карт, етимологічного аналізу.
Лексема салаш, яка входить до карпато-балканського етнокультурного словника, давно була за-писана діалектологами і її семантика вивчалася багатьма дослідниками мов і діалектів цього ареалу, картографувалася у численних діалектних та ареальних лінгвістичних атласах. Але щодо походжен-ня цього слова висловлювалися різні припущення і єдиної думки в дослідників до цього часу не було. На основі проведеного дослідження ми визначаємо номінативну модель, за якою утворено цей карпатизм угорського походження, як дериваційно-метонімічну фінітивну модель «функція – дім», лексему за утворенням як девербативний фінітив із первісною семантикою ‘місце зупинки, ночів-лі’, утворений від угорського дієслова száll ‘зупинятися на ночівлю’.
Порівняльне вивчення семантики діалектного слова салаш дозволило визначити такий розвиток його основних та похідних значень: ‘місце для ночівлі’, ‘сезонне тимчасове житло’, ‘будівля для до-машніх тварин’, ‘будівля для пастухів’, ‘господарство пастухів у горах’, ‘стадо’, ‘табір’, ‘будь-яке тим-часове житло’. Порівняльно-історичне дослідження, проведене із залученням широкого діалектного матеріалу різних мов досліджуваного континууму, дозволило остаточно прийняти угорську етимо-логію слова салаш, яке спочатку було поширене в карпатських говірках на позначення пастушого тимчасового житла, а згодом проникло в сусідні мови усіх Балкан і всієї Славії, змінивши свою фонетичну форму та семантику від конкретного до широкого значення ‘будь-яке тимчасове житло з хворосту та гілок’.
The aim of this paper is to study the development of the phonetic form and semantics of the word salash, to determine its origin and distribution in the dialects of the Carpathian area as well as in the continuum of Balkan and Slavic languages. The work is carried out in line with the traditional problems of Balkan and Carpathian studies, the ultimate goal of which is to describe the semantics and study the origin of the idioethnic cultural vocabulary of the ancient pastoral population of this ethnolinguistic continuum, and to understand the ways and the time of formation of this ethnocultural phenomenon.
General, special, and dialect dictionaries as well as dialect atlases and linguistic maps of Slavic and Balkan languages (Ukrainian, Russian, Slovenian, Bulgarian, Macedonian, Serbian, Slovak, Polish, Romanian, etc.) and their Carpathian dialects served as the material for analysis in the paper. The research uses methods of semantic-phonetic analysis of word variants in lexicographic sources, the interpretation of linguistic maps, and etymological analysis.
The lexeme salash, which is part of the Carpatho-Balkan ethnocultural dictionary, has long been recorded by dialectologists, its semantics has been studied by many researchers of languages and dialects of this area, and it has been mapped in numerous dialect and areal linguistic atlases. Various assumptions have been made about the origin of this word, and researchers have not yet agreed. Based on our research, we define the nominative model, according to which this Carpathianism of Hungarian origin was formed as a derivational-metonymic finitive model “function – home”, and the lexeme as a deverbative with the original semantics from the Hungarian verb száll ‘to stay overnight’.
The comparative study of the semantics of the dialect word salash allowed to determine the following development of its basic and derived meanings: ‘a place to spend the night’, ‘seasonal temporary housing’, ‘a building for cattle’, ‘a building for shepherds’, ‘the shepherds’ farm in the mountains’, ‘a herd’, ‘a camp’, ‘any temporary building’. The comparative-historical study conducted with the involvement of a wide dialect material from various languages of the continuum under study allowed us to finally accept the Hungarian etymology of the word salash, which was first used in Carpathian dialects to denote shepherd’s temporary dwelling, and subsequently penetrated into the neighbouring languages of the whole Balkan and Slavic area, developing its phonetic form and semantics from the specific to the broad meaning ‘any temporary dwelling made of firewood and branches’.
The paper deals with the history of investigation of Ukrainian dialects in Hungary. The authors present the scientific achievements of V. Dóhovics, L. Csopey, L. Dezső, E. Baleczky, I. Udvari, A. Zoltán, and M. Kocsis in the field of Ukrainian dialectology in chronological order. It is stressed that historical dialectology has been in the centre of attention of Hungarian Slavists for a long time.
The aim of this paper is to present László Dezső’s achievements in the field of Ukrainian linguistics and historical dialectology as well as to show the importance of his research in the development of Ukrainian studies.
The aim of the present paper is to describe Sándor Bonkáló’s research in the field of Ukrainian language and dialectology, to emphasize the importance of his approach to the definition of the place of Ukrainian among other East Slavic languages, to outline the characteristic features of Bonkáló’s investigations in the field of Hutsul dialects and ethnography as well as to focus on the role of Bonkáló’s research in the development of Carpathian Ruthenian literature and culture.
Еміль Балецький - дослідник закарпатських українських говорів (другий етап наукової діяльності) * До 100-річчя від дня народження
Emil Baleczky - a Researcher of Transcarpathian Ukrainian Dialects (the Second Stage of his Professional Carrier). To his 100th Birthday
Emil Baleczky (his pseudonyms: E. Latorchanin, O. Vyshchak, and his cryptonym: E. A.) is one of the most prominent personalities in the history of Ukrainian studies in Hungary in the twentieth century. His main scientific interests include Transcarpathian dialectology and historical lexicology of the Ukrainian language.
The second stage of the scientist's professional carrier is connected with the University of Budapest, where in 1951, Emil Baleczky was appointed head of the Department of the Russian Language at the Institute of Foreign Languages, and at the same time assistant professor of the Russian Institute at the University.
Among the scientific interests of Emil Baleczky was the investigation of lexical units commonly used in Transcarpathia, first of all, in terms of their etymology. Among the achievements of the researcher, special attention must be paid to Emil Baleczky's attempt to determine the origin of some borrowed words, including those originally Slavic, which are common in the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects.
Emil Baleczky performed a deep etymological and lingual-geographical analysis of the word урик, урюк, орек in the Ukrainian language, that of the word дюг widespread in Precarpathian Ukrainian, Polish, and Slovakian dialects, and also that of the noun kert in Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialects. The author devoted a separate paper to the study of the origin of dialecticisms like фотляк, csulka ~ csurka, бôшн’ак, булґар’, валах, ґириґ, тôўт, and циганин, investigated the etymology of the terms of national dishes widespread in Carpathian Ukrainian dialects, in particular of the token бáник. He considered the role of the Old Church Slavonic language in the history of the Carpathian Ukrainian dialects.
According to his contemporaries, it is known that Emil Baleczky did not maintain official connections with the Soviet Transcarpathians but was surprisingly well-informed about the scientific processes in his native land. He analyzed the works contained in the two editions of the Dialectological Collection of Uzhgorod State University. In addition to examining the issues raised, Baleczky complemented, specified, and sometimes criticized the achievements of his colleagues, which indicates his deep knowledge of Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology.
Thus, we can state that Emil Baleczky's works testify the high professionalism of the author, his profound knowledge in the field of synchronic and diachronic dialectology. The love of Transcarpathian dialects inspired the researcher to study them thoroughly as well as to present the research results to the general public of Slavists. The main area of Emil Baleczky's scientific interest until the end of his life was Ukrainian linguistics, particularly Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology.
The aim of this paper is to present the Emil Baleczky's achievements in the field of Transcarpathian Ukrainian dialectology, focusing on the period from 1957 to 1979.
The interest in traditional popular culture appeared in the eighteenth century in Szeged and was maintained mainly by the scholarly teachers of the Piarist grammar school, and the Franciscan monks. Accordingly, most of the contributors were priests. The most important representatives of pre-ethnographic, pre-folkloristic interest are András Dugonics (1740-1818), Benedek Csaplár (1821-1906), Lajos Kálmány (1852-1919), the Bunevac Ivan Antunovich (1815-1888), Sándor Pintér (1841-1915), and the Jewish Immanuel Löw (1854-1944). They conducted research on the fields of dialectology, history, folk poetry and religiosity. They discovered and presented the traditional life of Szeged and its surroundings.
Dialectology” (Research Institute for Linguistics of the HAS), and was presented at the First International Workshop on Computational Latin Dialectology, Budapest, 7th April 2016.
://lldb.elte.hu/) and of the project entitled “Lendület (‘Momentum’) Research Group for Computational Latin Dialectology” (Research Institute for Linguistics of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences). I wish to express my gratitude to Zsuzsanna Sarkadi for her help in the
On the basis of Pleteršnik's dictionary and dialectal lexical material collected in his native village of Beltince, Franc Novak compiled a dictionary containing about 8,000 entries. His work was later completed and edited by Vilko Novak. This dialectal dictionary includes a significant number of Hungarian loanwords, lexical elements transferred into the Beltince dialect through Hungarian as an intermediary language, as well as loan translations and words based on a Hungarian model. The present paper describes this lexical material, also discussing problems of phonetic and morphological adaptation these transferred elements undergo. The population of the Porabje region in Slovenia has lived in the natural neighbourhood of Hungarians for centuries. The Beltince dictionary yields a linguistic documentation for this coexistence, contributing not only to research in Slovenian dialectology but also Hungarian-Slovenian language contacts.
