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Abstract
Micro-thermal analysis employs a scanning probe microscope fitted with a miniature resistive heater/thermometer to obtain images of the surface of materials and then perform localised thermo analytical measurements. We have demonstrated that it is possible to use the same configuration to pyrolyse selected areas of the specimen by rapidly heating the probe to 600–800°C. This generates a plume of evolved gases which can be trapped using a sampling tube containing a suitable sorbent placed close to the heated tip. Thermal desorption-gas chromatogaphy/mass spectrometry can then be used to separate and identify the evolved gases. This capability extends the normal visualisation and characterisation by micro-thermal analysis to include the possibility of localised chemical analysis of the sample (or a domain, feature or contaminant). The isolation and identification of natural products from a plant leaf are given as an example to illustrate this approach. Preliminary results from direct sampling of pyrolysis products by mass spectrometry are also presented.
analysis of high performance fibers by Py-GC/MS With the change of pyrolysis temperature, the chromatogram and mass spectra results take a large variety. Figure 5 a–d is the chromatogram of the pyrolysis products of Kevlar 49, Kevlar 129, Nomex
.52 The synthesized solvent-borne copolymers were dried for 10 min at 110 °C in drying canal and after drying as dry solvent-free polymer films were tested on thermal stability and further pyrolyzed. The formed pyrolysis products were investigated using
et al . Olive residues (cutting and kernels) rapid pyrolysis product yields and kinetics . Biomass and Bioenergy 18 ( 2000 ) 411 – 420 . [71] S
skimmer approach, gas from the furnace, containing vaporised sample material and pyrolysis products, is expanded into an expansion chamber in which a pressure of about 10 −4 bar is maintained by intense pumping. A so called supersonic expansion is formed
to perform the experiments for pyrolysis of SWW in a stainless steel tubular reactor and to investigate the influence of SWW temperature, heating rate, nitrogen flow, and particle size on the pyrolysis products yield. This paper should be of interest
decomposition behaviour and pyrolysis products of polymers in detail [ 12 , 13 ] due to its rapidity, high sensitivity, and effective separation of complex mixture compounds containing some pyrolysates of similar compositions. However, few articles present the
small molecular gaseous species, CO 2 , CO, and CH 3 OH are released. Among the pyrolysis products at high temperature, CO and CH 3 OH are flammable gas which is responsible for the second sharp peak in the HRR curves of EP in MCC testing
Biofuels
Part II. Thermogravimetric research of dry decomposition
) pyrolysis products of coconut shells, peanut shells, sugar cane bagasse and corn stalks. The essence of evaluation is the ability of the above-mentioned biomass kinds to produce liquid biofuels, in particular bio-oils. Many works focus on assessing the
and their products transfer to smoke [ 1 ]. Consequently, when assessing the overall chemistry and toxicity of smoke, it is necessary to know the combustion and pyrolysis behavior, especially what pyrolysis products are generated during smoking [ 2 – 4
