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Bielig L.M., Driscoll C.J. 1970. Substitution of rye chromosome 5R for its three wheat homoeologous. Genetical Res. 16 :317–323. Driscoll C.J. Substitution of rye chromosome 5R for its
.J., Schlegel, R. 1997a. Role of rye chromosomes in improvement of zinc efficiency in wheat and triticale. Plant and Soil 196 :249–253. Schlegel R. Role of rye chromosomes in improvement of
. sanfranciscensis , L. plantarum , and S. cerevisiae are the most frequently isolated species from sourdough, and they are positively related to the sensory quality of sourdough breads ( G obbetti et al., 2005 ). Liquid rye sour is a kind of additive used in the
39 46 Bielig, L.M. and C.J. Driscoll, 1970: Substitution of rye chromosome 5R for its three wheat homoeologues. Genet. Res. 16 : 317
Experiments conducted at the Lithuanian Institute of Agriculture in 2004–2005 were designed to investigate the contamination of winter rye cv. ‘Duoniai’ and triticale cv. ‘Tornado’ grain with fungi of genus Fusarium and mycotoxins produced by them as affected by the spray-applications of the crops with the fungicides propiconazole, tebuconazole, and azoxystrobin at the beginning of anthesis (BBCH 63). Having analysed winter rye and triticale grain samples for Fusarium species composition ( Fusarium avenaceum (Fr.) Sacc, F. sporotrichioides Sherb., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw, F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. graminearum Schwabe, F. solani (Mart.) Sacc., F. incarnatum (Desm.) Sacc . F. sambucinum Fuckel) were identified in rye grain — ( F. culmorum (W. G. Sm.) Sacc., F. poae (Peck) Wollenw., F. heterosporum Nees) — in triticale grain. The grain samples from winter rye plots sprayed with azoxystrobin were the most heavily affected by Fusarium (42.5%) and the highest contents of DON (691 μg kg −1 ) and T-2 toxin (153.6 μg kg −1 ) were identified in them. Tebuconazole reduced the amount of Fusarium -affected grain in rye and triticale, but did not have any effect on mycotoxin production in rye. The grain of triticale not sprayed with fungicides was more heavily contaminated with DON (427 μg kg −1 ).
Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA, EC 4.1.2.13) catalyzes an aldol cleavage of fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate to dihydroxyacetone-phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate and a reversible aldol condensation. Three candidate genes with 1077bp coding for fructose-bisphosphate aldolase were cloned and sequenced in wheat, barley and rye. These genes could encode 358 amino acid residues. Sequence analysis indicated that wheat, barley and rye FBA genes were conserved with high identity (94.13%), while maize sequence had a 9bp deletion near the 3’ terminal. According to the alignment of 75 amino acid sequences, conserved domains of the FBAs were detected. These conserved domains might be the important functional sites of the FBAs. The cytoplasmic FBAs of wheat, barley and rye were clustered together, and the cluster was close to maize and rice FBAs. Nine peptides of the FBAs and the last amino acid Tyr (necessary for preference for fructose 1,6-bisphosphate over fructose 1-phosphate) were most conserved in plants, animals and algae. Current findings suggested that the FBAs could be divided into three main subgroups: plant cytoplasmic FBA, plant chloroplastic FBA and animal FBA. These results also indicated that the active and binding sites of FBAs had rare variations during the long-term evolution.
Abstract
The aim of the study reported in this paper was to derive factors describing the translocation of radiocesium from the green plant parts to the crop. Wheat, rye and potatoes were contaminated and harvested at different growth stages to allow the assessment of the contamination of the crop with known date of the radioactive deposition. At harvest, the cesium concentrations in the crop, the green plant parts (i.e., straw without ears) and the roots were measured. The results show that the contamination of the crop depends strongly on the date of134Cs application and on the type of plants. The highest translocation was observed when cesium was applied during flowering.
Abstract
An extensive investigation of elemental levels in cereals and their cultivation soils has been going on across the main production areas of mainland Portugal, with a view to an eventual biofortification of major cultivars through agronomic practices. Cereals are an obvious choice as primary vehicles for food-supplementation programs, especially in countries where they definitely weigh in the dietary intake (like Portugal), and regions whose geographical and/or pedological features may account for nutrient deficiencies in typical diets. Mature rye plants (Secale cereale L.; roots and grains) and local soils were collected in the summer of 2009 from two regions of northern Portugal, and put through k 0-standardized, instrumental neutron activation analysis (k 0-INAA). Overall, the results (elemental concentrations, enrichment factors, transfer coefficients) seem to confirm an efficient uptake of elements from soil and their translocation to the aerial parts of the plants, notably to the ones that really matter in human nutrition (grains).
Colchicine is a plant alkaloid, known for thousands of years and currently used widely for the doubling of the genome in plant and animal cells due to its antimitotic effect. The aim of the present experiments was to develop stable autodiploid pollen grains in vitro in diploid lines of rye (Secale cereale L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and to use these in intra- and interspecific crosses. Spikelet cultures of one rye and one barley variety were subjected to colchicine treatment in different stages of development and under differing in vitro conditions. Exposure to colchicine led to a drastic reduction both in the number of fertile pollen grains and in the percentage seed-setting, which was only observed in cultures inoculated in the early binuclear microspore stage. On medium containing colchicine the seed-setting percentage was 1.6% for barley and 0.1% for rye. Flow cytometry and root tip analysis revealed that all the progeny barley plants were diploid, while in the case of rye one was tetraploid, indicating that the egg cell may also be diploidised by colchicine treatment.
T. Sipos — E. Halász: 2004. Perennial rye in forage mixture. 2 nd International Scientific Symposium ‘Natural resources and sustainable development’, Oradea, Romania. E. Halász — T. Sipos: 2004
