Search Results
A method was developed for effect-directed analysis (EDA) of the root extract of Pimpinella saxifraga L. High-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) was hyphenated with microchemical, biochemical, and biological assays as well as electrospray ionization– mass spectrometry (ESI–MS). This HPTLC–UV/Vis/FLD– EDA–MS method directly pointed to multi-potent compounds in the P. saxifraga L. root extract. 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavengers, acetylcholinesterase inhibitors, estrogen-effective compounds, antimicrobials against Gram-positive Bacillus subtilis bacteria, and Gram-negative Aliivibrio fischeri bacteria were discovered in the root extract. A first targeted characterization of four unknown multi-potent compounds was performed by HPTLC–ESI–MS and microchemical derivatizations. This highly streamlined effect-directed profiling is recommended for a fast and cost-efficient natural product search.
In this study, the antibacterial profiling of the ethanolic leaf extract of greater burdock (Arctium lappa L.) is demonstrated, applying thin-layer chromatography (TLC) coupled bioassays against the Gram-positive soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis and the Gram-negative pepper pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola. The main active component was isolated by eluting from the adsorbent bed and subjected to a targeted characterization by high-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detection–electrospray ionisation–mass spectrometry. The identification of the germacranolide sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrin was based on its retardation factor, bioactivity in TLC-based methods, and retention tim as well as ultraviolet (UV) and mass spectra, compared to those of the reference substance isolated earlier in our laboratory from Onopordum acanthium leaf.
Wrightia tinctoria leaf hexane, methanol and ethanol extracts were screened against skin bacteria and dermatophytes by in vitro. The extracts were tested using agar dilution method and broth micro dilution method. Methanol and ethanol extracts showed antibacterial activity; the MIC was 0.5 mg/ml for Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus epidermidis; 0.25 mg/ml for Staphylococcus aureus. The hexane extract showed antifungal activity against Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton tonsurans at 2 mg/ml. The MIC of 2 mg/ml was observed for methanol extract against Trichophyton mentagrophytes and IC50 (2 mg/ml) was determined for Trichophyton rubrum and Epidermophyton floccosum. To summarise Wrightia tinctoria leaves possessed potent antimicrobial properties against dermatophytic microbes. In particular, methanol and ethanol extracts were active against bacteria and hexane extract was active against dermatophytic fungi, suggesting that the active principles may be useful in the topical treatment of superficial skin infections.
The Juniperus excelsa is considered an important medicinal plant by the local population of Balochistan, Pakistan. The species is facing a grave threat by a parasitic and epiphytic angiosperm, dwarf mistletoe, Arceuthobium oxycedri (DC.) M. Bieb. (Viscaceae). The methanolic extract of A. oxycedri was studied for its chemical composition and biologically active compounds for the first time. The extract was assayed for antibacterial, antifungal, phytotoxic, cytotoxic and insecticidal activities. The antibacterial and antifungal activities of the extract were determined against ten bacterial and ten fungal strains by agar well diffusion and disc diffusion assay. The extract was highly effective against three bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and a fungus Candida albicans . The phytotoxic effects showed that it was extremely toxic for Lemna acquinoctialis . It showed high cytoxicity for brine shrimps at all concentrations and was found to be significantly cytotoxic against Candida albicans when checked by flow cytometer. However, the extract was not effective against the pests tested.
Studies were carried out on bacteria which usually infect spawns and culture plates of Psathyrella atroumbonata (Pegler) and Schizophyllum commune (Fr. ex. Fr.), two Nigerian edible mushrooms. During the vegetative propagation of these higher fungi, six different bacterial species were isolated and characterized from 14-day-old spawns and mycelial ramified PDA culture plates. These bacteria include Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus subtilis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus and Staphylococcus aureus. The average bacteria count was 1.0 x 106 cfu/ml and these bacteria grew within pH range of 5.0 and 9.0. The optimum temperature range of growth is between 30 °C and 37 °C. The significance of these findings to the cultivation of P. atroumbonata and S. commune in Nigeria was discussed.
Abstract
Medicinal plants are traditionally used for the treatment of human infections. The present study was undertaken to investigate Bergenia ciliata, Jasminum officinale, and Santalum album for their potential activity against human bacterial pathogens.
B. ciliata, J. officinale, and S. album extracts were prepared in cold and hot water. The activity of plant extracts and selected antibiotics was evaluated against five bacterial pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli using agar well diffusion method.
Among the three medicinal plants, B. ciliata extracts displayed potential activity against bacterial pathogens. Cold water extract of Bergenia ciliate showed the highest activity against B. subtilis, which is comparable with a zone of inhibition exhibited by ceftriaxone and erythromycin. J. officinale and S. album extracts demonstrated variable antibacterial activity. Further studies are needed to explore the novel antibacterial bioactive molecules.
Abstract
This paper reports the investigation on the thermal stability of new complexes with mixed ligands of the type [Cd(NN)(C3H3O2)2(H2O)m]·nH2O [(1) NN: 1,10-phenantroline, m = 1, n = 0; (2) NN: 2,2′-bipyridine, m = 0, n = 1.5 and (C3H3O2): acrylate anion]. The IR data indicate a bidentate coordination mode for both heterocyclic amine and acrylate. The in vitro qualitative and quantitative antimicrobial activity assays showed that the complexes exhibited variable antimicrobial activity against planktonic as well as biofilm embedded Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., Acinetobacter boumani, Pseudomonas aeruginosa), Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus) and fungal (Candida albicans) strains, reference and isolated ones from the hospital environment. The thermal behaviour steps were investigated in synthetic air flow. The thermal transformations are complex processes according to TG and DTA curves including dehydration, amine as well as acrylate thermolysis. The final products of decomposition are the most stable metal oxides.
Application of microcalorimetry and chemometric analysis
Effects evaluation of angle and nail animal drugs on Bacillus subtilis growth
Abstract
In this study, microcalorimetry combined with chemometric analysis was used to investigate the effects of angle and nail animal valuable drugs on Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis) growth. The power–time curves of the growth metabolism of B. subtilis affected by Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum, Cornu Cervi Elaphi, Cornu Saigae Tataricae, cornu caprae hircus, Cornu Bubali, Squama Manis, and Carapax Trionycis were determined using a thermal activity monitor (TAM) air isothermal microcalorimeter, ampoule mode, at 37 °C. By analyzing these curves and some quantitative parameters using principal component analysis, the effects of the seven animal drugs on B. subtilis could be quickly evaluated from the change of the two main parameters, the maximum heat-flow power P m 2 and total heat output Q t: Cornu Saigae Tataricae, cornu caprae hircus, Cornu Bubali, Squama Manis, and Carapax Trionycis inhibited the growth of B. subtilis, while Cornu Cervi Pantotrichum and Cornu Cervi Elaphi promoted the growth of B. subtilis. Further, the result of hierarchical clustering analysis showed that the drugs which promoted the growth of B. subtilis gathered in one cluster, the other drugs which inhibited the growth of B. subtilis gathered in the other cluster. All these illustrated that the internal characteristics of the seven animal drugs were different though they had similar resources and these drugs could be well clustered according the effects of them on B. subtilis growth with the help of chemometric methods. This study provided an useful idea of the combination of microcalorimetry and chemometric analysis for studying the effects of drugs on organisms.
The composition of the essential oil of Thymus vulgaris L. has been determined by GC-FID and GC-MS. Because separation of thymol, carvacrol, and linalool, components of the essential oil, was more efficient by overpressured layer chromatography (OPLC) than by conventional thin-layer chromatography (TLC), the forced flow technique was used before biological detection. All three test compounds had antibacterial effect against the phytopathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola, in bioautography, although in essential oil thymol was present in sufficient quantity to produce an inhibiting zone in the adsorbent layer. In BioArena investigations, when reduced glutathione as a formaldehyde (HCHO) capturer was dissolved in the cell suspension before bioautographic exposure to the essential oil, the characteristic inhibiting activity of thymol and carvacrol against Bacillus subtilis soil bacteria was reduced, whereas the presence of the HCHO precursors NGmonomethyl-l-arginine or N ɛ-monomethyl-l-lysine enhanced their antibacterial effect. These results suggest that HCHO and its reaction products may be involved in the antibacterial activity of thymol and carvacrol.
The objective of this study was to examine antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral properties of selected Phlomis species (Lamiaceae) growing in Turkey. The petroleum ether and methanol extracts of the seven species, namely P. armeniaca Willd., P. bourgaei Boiss., P. leucophracta P.H. Davis & Hub.-Mor., P. lunariifolia Sibth. & Sm., P. lycia D. Don, P. pungens Willd. var. pungens , and P. pungens var. hirta Velen. were tested against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus mirabilis, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis , and Enterococcus faecalis for their antibacterial activity using ampicillin and oflaxocin as references. Antifungal activity of the same extracts was determined against Candida albicans using microdilution method with ketocanazole as reference. Both DNA virus Herpes simplex type-1 (HSV-1) and RNA virus Parainfluenza (PI-3) were employed for antiviral assessment of the Phlomis extracts using Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney and Vero cell lines in which acyclovir for HSV-1 and oseltamivir for PI-3 were employed as reference drugs. Although both the petroleum ether and methanol extracts seemed to exert similar antibacterial activity, the methanolic extracts were observed to be more active against S. aureus and E. faecalis . On the other hand, methanolic extract of P. pungens var. pungens possessed notable antiviral activity against both type of viruses.
