Search Results
Abstract
The kinetics of the liquid-phase hydrogenation of cinnamyl alcohol over Ir/Al2O3 catalyst (d ≈ 7 nm) was investigated in toluene under mild conditions (T = 25–95 °C, hydrogen pressure = 3–8 bar and cinnamyl alcohol concentration = 0.0075–0.375 M). The kinetic results could be successfully modeled based on the assumption that the Langmuir–Hinshelwood surface reaction between competitively adsorbed cinnamyl alcohol and hydrogen is the rate determining step. The model predicts that cinnamyl alcohol requires two metallic sites to adsorb on with an adsorption constant of 1.4 M−1. The apparent activation energy of the reaction was experimentally determined to be ~26 kJ mol−1.
Abstract
Kinetic evaluation of thermogravimetry data was used to understand the ageing behavior of beeswax used as an artists’ paint medium on ancient mummy shrouds and Fayum portraits. Individual components of beeswax were subjected to dynamic thermogravimetry to assess their evaporation rates, and three methods of kinetic analysis were evaluated for accuracy. The results showed that although it is impossible to accurately predict the volatility at room temperature for individual components of beeswax due mostly to their high molecular mass, relative trends and ranking of the volatility of the compounds can be obtained which may explain compositional changes over time.
Abstract
Fluoride glasses have been extensively studied due to their high transparency in the infrared wavelength. The crystallization kinetics of these systems has been studied using DTA and DSC techniques. Most of the experimental data is frequently investigated in terms of the Johnson-Mehl-Avrami (JMA) model in order to obtain kinetic parameters. In this work, DSC technique has been used to study the crystallization of fluorozirconate glass under non-isothermal conditions. It was found that JMA model was not fit to be applied directly to these systems, therefore, the method proposed by Mlek has been applied and the Šestk-Berggren (SB) model seems to be adequate to describe the crystallization process.
Abstract
Tungsten carbide, WC, has shown dissimilar thermal behavior when it is heated on changeable heating rate and flow of oxidant atmosphere. The oxidation of WC to WO3 tends to be in a single and slow kinetic step on slow heating rate and/or low flux of air. Kinetic parameters, on non-isothermal condition, could be evaluated to the oxidation of WC to heating rate below 15°C min−1 or low flow of air (10 mL min−1). The reaction is governed by nucleation and growth at 5 to 10°C min−1 then the tendency is to be autocatalytic, JMA and SB, respectively.
With the aim to determine the influence of packaging in preserving the quality of wine, in this research project the chemical and sensorial evolution of a red wine stored in different packaging materials (glass bottles vs multilayer Tetrabriks®) has been evaluated over a period of 12 months. Furthermore, two different temperature levels (4 and 20 °C) for each packaging solution were maintained throughout the storage period.
The results show how the characteristics of packaging could deeply affect wine quality as a function of the storage conditions used, and suggest that with their rational optimization the quality of red wine during storage can be kept and its shelf life extended. In this context, the kinetic characterization of the time evolution of some chemical compounds that can be assumed as indexes of wine oxidation rate could enhance the consumer’s enjoyment during tasting.
Under the adopted experimental conditions, the rate of wine aging was higher when the storage temperature increased. Furthermore, after 12 months of storage at room temperature, the glass bottles generally better preserved red wine from oxidation than multilayer Tetrabriks®.
Abstract
TG and DTA experiments were performed to investigate the biomass tar combustion behavior in coexistence of dolomite and mayenite at two different heating rates as 5 and 15°C min−1. Different reaction kinetic mechanisms with the classical Arrhenius model were used to treat TG data, and showed that the first-order combustion model fitted the data well. Three stages combustion model was proposed and applied for the calculation of kinetics parameters successfully. The starting temperature of high temperature combustion stage moved up near 100°C because of the coexistence catalysts, and the combustion amount of biomass of the stage also improved nearly 10 mass%. By calculation a uniform trend of decreasing activation energies was observed with the addition of dolomite and mayenite, and also greatly improved the amount and speed of tar combustion process.
intersection was 9.42. It is found that A was 12.33 × 10 3 s −1 . Fig. 5 Relationship between ln k and 1 /T Thus, the curing kinetic model equation of the Huntsman
