Search Results
The aim of this study was to describe long-term follow-up and difference in immune reactions in the tear film following penetrating keratoplasty (PK) in horses when differently preserved corneas were utilised. This report describes for the first time the use of corneal grafts preserved in tissue culture media in equine PK. Eight experimental horses with normal eyes were included and freshly harvested, frozen or preserved corneal grafts were used for the PK. The graft-taking technique and storage, PK surgery, postoperative treatments and complications are described. The mean postoperative follow-up time was 286 days. Tear film samples taken before and periodically after surgery were measured for IgM, IgG and IgA contents by direct ELISA. All grafts were incorporated into the donor horse but were rejected to some degree. The differently harvested corneal grafts healed in the same manner and looked similar. Preoperatively, the clear corneas meant low risk for graft failure, and the fresh or stored tissues provided intact endothelium, although there were no clear graft sites postoperatively. The presence of IgA, IgG and IgM was demonstrated in the tear film from the early postoperative period. IgG levels were lower than IgA or IgM and had a constant baseline in every case, as IgA and IgM had great variability with time and an individual pattern in each eye.
The aim of this work was to study the topography, morphology, vascularisation, histology and innervation of the lungs in the ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) and compare these data with those concerning the rat, mole rat, rabbit and mouse. The research was carried out on 15 animals. It was revealed that the right lung has four lobes (cranial, middle, caudal and accessory lobes), while the left lung is not divided into segments. The functional vessels are a. pulmonalis dextra et sinistra and vv. pulmonales (5–6), while the nutritive vessels of the lungs are a. bronchoesophagea dextra and v. bronchoesophagea dextra. Histological tissue sections of the lungs revealed that the wall of terminal bronchioles contains no cartilage and the mucosal epithelium is pseudostratified, cubic and ciliated. Clara cells (club cells, bronchiolar exocrine cells) are present but have no cilia. The lung alveolar diameter is 37 μm on average, and the thickness of the alveolar wall and the interalveolar septa is 1.38 μm. Destruction of the alveolar walls, accumulation of erythrocytes in the capillaries of alveolar septa and destruction of the cytolemma of the capillary endothelium were detected. In addition, connective tissue fibres and peripheral nerves were detected by silver impregnation.
Hamilos M, Sarma J, Ostojic M, Cuisset T, Sarno G, Melikian N, Ntalianis A, Muller O, Barbato E, Beleslin B, Sagic D, De Bruyne B, Bartunek J, Wijns W: Interference of drug-eluting stents with endothelium
reduced speed. Endothelial dysfunction is considered as the most important factor in the pathogenesis of CSF [ 1 ]. The impairment of endothelium function is the earliest marker that indicates coronary artery disease. In many studies, the deterioration of
Abstract
Prevention of arterial thrombotic diseases has high priority in developed countries. As inappropriate diet is known to enhance the risk for acute thrombotic events, a regular diet with experimentally proven antithrombotic effect might be a beneficial way of prevention. The present study is part of a series of investigations testing fruits and vegetables for antithrombotic activity. The Global Thrombosis Test was used to screen sixteen different apple varieties for antiplatelet and thrombolytic activities. The in vitro effective varieties were further investigated using the laser-induced thrombosis model in mice. In order to investigate the mechanism, hemostatometry and flow-mediated vasodilation test (FMV) were performed. Apple varieties were grouped into subclasses according to their antithrombotic activity. AP-2, AP-13, AP-14 and AP-15 showed significant antithrombotic effect both in vitro and in vivo. AP-8 was antithrombotic in vitro but could not determine in vivo because of the shortage of the sample. The antithrombotic effect was mainly due to activation of endogenous thrombolytic mechanism. The mechanism of such enhanced thrombolysis was investigated using a synthetic inhibitor highly specific to plasmin, polyclonal IgG to t-PA and u-PA, and testing the antithrombotic effect in t-PA knockout mice. Antithrombotic activity was prevented by the synthetic plasmin inhibitor and IgG against t-PA but not against u-PA. There was no antithrombotic activity in t-PA knockout mice. Intake of antithrombotic apple filtrate did not affect FMV and platelet reactivity. The antithrombotic effect was heat stable at 100 °C for 10 min. These results suggest that the mechanism of antithrombotic activity involves an increased t-PA release from the vascular endothelium and an inhibition of plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI-1) release from activated platelets. The present findings justify including antithrombotic apple varieties in an antithrombotic diet.
Pseudoxanthoma elasticumban szenvedő betegek multidiszciplináris ellátása
Multidisciplinary management of patients affected with pseudoxanthoma elasticum
Összefoglaló. A pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE, OMIM # 264800) egy autoszomális recesszív módon öröklődő multiszisztémás érintettséggel járó kórkép, melynek háttérében az ABCC6 gén mutációi állnak. A tünetek kialakulásának oka az ektópiás mineralizáció. Kalcium-só kristályok rakódnak le elsősorban a bőrben, a szem Bruch-membránjában és az erek endotheliumában, így a bőrelváltozások mellett a látás csökkenése és cardiovascularis eltérések is jelentkezhetnek. A klinikai tünetek változó súlyosságúak lehetnek, heterogén megjelenésűek. A betegek fenotípusának azonosítása, valamint gondozása multidiszciplináris feladat, bőrgyógyász, szemész, kardiológus és klinikai genetikus együttműködésén alapul. Célunk, hogy bemutassuk a betegségben előforduló tüneteket, melyek ismerete megkönnyíti a kórkép felismerését, illetve hogy felhívjuk a figyelmet a korai diagnózis fontosságára és ismertessük a korszerű diagnosztikai módszereket. A súlyos szisztémás tünetek kialakulása miatt rendkívüli jelentőséggel bír a társszakmák együttműködése, hogy a korai diagnózis által időben megfelelő gondozásban és terápiában részesülhessenek a betegek. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(18): 702–711.
Summary. Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE, OMIM # 264800) is an autosomal recessive, multisystemic disorder, associated with mutations of the ABCC6 gene. Ectopic mineralization is in the background of the clinical manifestations of the disease. Calcium-salt crystals are deposited primarily in the skin, in the Bruch membrane of the eyes, and in the vascular endothelium. Thus, in addition to the skin lesions, visual impairment and cardiovascular involvement also occur. Clinical symptoms show varying severity and display heterogeneous appearance. The identification of the phenotype and care of the patients require a multidisciplinary perspective based on the collaboration of a dermatologist, ophthalmologist, cardiologist, and clinical geneticist. The aim of our work is to describe the development of symptoms of the disease, in order to facilitate the diagnosis. In addition, we aim to draw attention to the importance of early diagnosis of pseudoxanthoma elasticum, and to present modern diagnostic methods. Considering the development of severe systemic complications, the early diagnosis with the collaboration between related specialists is crucial to provide optimal clinical care and management of the patients. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(18): 702–711.
For evaluating the age-related change in noradrenaline (NA)-induced contraction of isolated rat carotid artery (CA), the effect of α and β adrenoreceptor (AR) blockers and the role of nitric oxide (NO) were investigated. Methods: Concentration-response curves to NA (10−10–10−4 M) and α1 agonist phenylephrine (PE; 10−10–10−5 M) were constructed in isolated CA rings from young and middle-aged rats. The effects of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor (L-NAME; 100 μM), α1-AR antagonist (prazosin; 0.1 μM), α2-AR antagonist (yohimbine; 0.1 μM) and β-AR antagonist (propranolol; 1 μM) on NA-induced contraction of isolated CA rings were examined. In CA rings preconstricted with NA, the responses to α2-AR agonist (clonidine; 10−7–10−5 M), β-AR agonist (isoprenaline; 10−8–10−5 M),), sodium nitroprusside (SNP; 10−9–10−5 M) were assessed. Results: The maximum contractile response of CA to NA and to PE was higher in younger than in middle-aged rats. Prazosin reduced the contractile response to NA in both groups, while propranolol, yohimbine and L-NAME did not affect NA-induced contraction in either of them. Clonidine, isoprenaline and SNP produced a dose-dependent vasorelaxation of CA rings, isoprenaline-induced vasodilatation was lower in middle-aged rats, while there was no difference in clonidine or SNP-induced relaxant effect between the two groups. Conclusions: NA-induced contraction of isolated rat CA rings is decreased in old rats, this is related to α1-AR. β-AR mediated dilatation was compromised in middle-aged rats (endothelium-dependent). α2-AR and SNP-mediated dilator effect seems to be unchanged.
Purpose
Consumption of alternative flours, such as sprouted chickpea flour, has shown increased popularity in recent years. Foods rich in antioxidants have been shown to influence brachial artery flow-mediated dilation (FMD), a non-invasive test of a crucial layer of the artery called the endothelium. Partially replacing the semolina flour in pasta with sprouted chickpea flour (SCF) may acutely affect endothelial function post-digestion. We sought to determine if FMD was higher, lower, or the same post-digestion of pasta made with 60% semolina flour and 40% SCF (SCF40) vs. post-digestion of pasta made with 100% semolina flour (SEM100, i.e., control).
Methods
Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) analysis was performed on the same flour samples. Healthy participants underwent a screening visit and two randomized controlled meal data collection visits (SCF40 and SEM100). At each data collection visit, participants consumed 255 g of pasta with butter. FMD was assessed 2–3 h after pasta consumption.
Results
TEAC results showed that SCF40 (2.031 ± 0.096 mmol trolox/100 g sample) had significantly greater antioxidant capacity than SEM100 (1.736 ± 0.046 mmol trolox/100 g sample; p = 0.02). Twenty-two healthy participants (5 men and 17 women; 26 ± 2 years, 66.6 ± 2.3 kg, BMI = 24 ± 1 kg/m2, SBP = 114 ± 3 mmHg, DBP = 75 ± 2 mmHg, HR = 74 ± 3 BPM) were studied. FMD in the SCF40 condition (10.3% ± 1.2%) was greater than the SEM100 condition (7.9% ± 0.8%, p = 0.02).
Conclusion
These data suggest that partial substitution with sprouted chickpea flour in place of semolina flour in pasta acutely improves post-digestion FMD, which may be beneficial for cardiovascular health (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03801486).
Absztrakt
Az atherosclerosis, ami a mai napig vezető halálok a fejlett országokban, genetikai hajlam és számos ismert környezeti rizikótényező hatására alakul ki. A legtöbb ilyen faktor oxidatív stressz keltése révén endothelialis működészavarhoz és egyéb proatherogen folyamatokhoz vezet. Az érelmeszesedés elsősorban az artériás rendszer tipikus helyein, az elágazásoknál és kanyarulatoknál alakul ki, ahol a szabályos lamináris áramlás zavart szenved. Emiatt fokozódik az endothelium permeabilitása a kis sűrűségű lipoprotein számára, ami így felhalmozódik az érfal intimarétegében és oxidálódik. Az oxidált kis sűrűségű lipoprotein számos úton hozzájárul az atherosclerosis kialakulásához: elősegíti a monocyták vándorlását az érfalba, a habossejt-képződést, a meszes plakk kialakulását, a plakkdestabilizációt és a thromboticus szövődményeket. Miután az oxidatív stressz az atherosclerosis patogenezisében számos ponton szerepet játszik, felmerül, hogy antioxidáns terápiával megelőzhető-e a betegség. Több klinikai vizsgálat szerint az antioxidánsok – mint az N-acetil-cisztein, C- és E-vitamin, folsav, ösztrogének – hatékonyak a coronariabetegség megelőzésében, de ezt randomizált klinikai vizsgálatok nem tudták bizonyítani. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(28), 1115–1119.
A praeeclampsia két arca
The two faces of preeclampsia
Összefoglaló. Egészséges terhességben mintegy két literrel nő a vér mennyisége. A vérvolumen növekedésének elmaradása, de extrém mértékű növekedése is súlyos következményekkel szövődhet. Ma már nem kétséges, hogy a praeeclampsia, mely a várandósság második felében magas vérnyomás és proteinuria együttes megjelenése, nem egységes kórkép. A korai kezdetű (34. hét előtt jelentkező), hypovolaemiával járó praeeclampsia placentaris eredetű, melyben az endothelium sérülése vezet a magas vérnyomásért és szervkárosodásokért felelős vasoconstrictióhoz és microthrombosisok megjelenéséhez. Magzati sorvadás, oligohydramnion alakul ki a lepényi elégtelenség miatt. A kórkép végső stádiumában magzati elhalás, eclampsia, lepényleválás várható. Az állapot kezelésében rendkívül korlátozottak a lehetőségek; a cél, körültekintő monitorizálás és az állapot stabilizálása mellett, várakozás a magzati tüdő érettségének fokozódása érdekében. A késői kezdetű, nagy perctérfogattal járó praeeclampsia anyai betegség: ebben az obesitasnak kockázati szerepe van, mivel önmagában is hajlamosít fokozott folyadék-visszatartásra, magas vérnyomásra és mérsékelt endothelkárosodásra. A kezdeti lábszár-, majd generalizálódó oedema mellett nemritkán jelentkezik magas vérnyomás és az esetek egy részében proteinuria is, mely ekkor már megfelel a praeeclampsia kritériumának. A magzat súlya normális vagy átlag feletti. Az extrém fokú folyadékretenció, valószínűleg a parenchymalis pangás miatt, asciteshez, eclampsiához, lepényleváláshoz vezethet. A hypervolaemiával járó praeeclampsia kezelésében a diuretikus furoszemidkezelés ígéretesnek tűnik. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(17): 663–669.
Summary. During normal pregnancy, blood volume increases by nearly two liters. Distinctively, the absence and also the extreme extent regarding the volume expansion are likely accompanied with serious conditions. Undoubtedly, preeclampsia, defined as the appearance of hypertension and proteinuria during the second half of pregnancy, is not a homogenous disease. The early onset which begins prior to the 34th week, is characteristically a hypovolemia-associated form and depicts the placental origination, in which endothelial damage leads to hypertension and organ damage due to vasoconstriction and microthrombosis. Fetal blood supply progressively worsens due to placental insufficiency. The outcome of this condition often leads to fetal death, eclampsia, or placental abruption. Management is confined to a diligent prolongation of pregnancy to accomplish improved neonatal pulmonary function. The late onset form, associated with high cardiac output, is a maternal disease, in which obesity is a risk factor since it predisposes individuals to enhanced water retention, hypertension, and a weakened endothelial dysfunction. Initially, low extremity edema oftentimes progresses to a generalized form and frequently results in hypertension. In several cases proteinuria appears. This condition entirely meets the preeclampsia criteria. Fetal weight is normal or frequently over the average. It is very likely, the increasing parenchymal stasis will lead to ascites, eclampsia, or placental abruption. During the management of this hypervolemia-associated preeclampsia, the administration of diuretic furosemide treatment seemingly offers promise. Orv Hetil. 2022; 163(17): 663–669.
