Search Results
Abstract
The determination of aluminium-to-silicon ratios in zeolites is of great benefit to catalyst technology and of general interest to mineralogists. However, such determinations tend to be open to error because of interferences that are due mainly to the juxtaposition of these elements in the Periodic Table. The capabilities of neutron activation, both with isotopic sources and accelerator based, of PIXE and of XRF were evaluated to establish which of these instrumental methods was best suited especially for routine on-line usage.
Mumpton, F. A. 1978. Natural Zeolites, Occurrence, Properties, Use. Pergamon Press, Oxford. Mumpton F. A. Natural Zeolites, Occurrence, Properties, Use
Abstract
Phthalocyanineiron/II/ in NaY zeolite was synthesized via various processes from an iron carbonyl compound into NaY zeolite in gaseous phase. Mössbauer spectra of the final product /phthalocyanineiron/II// and the precursor species /iron oxide and [phthalocyaninato/2-/]bis/pyridine/iron/II// in NaY zeolite were measured to characterize the chemical and physical states of the iron species.
Abstract
The ion exchange between60Co2+ ions contained in residual radioactive water and zeolites of the NaA, NaX and CaA types was studied. The more advanced retaining of60Co2+ ions occurs for the NaA zeolite with the higher exchange capacity, as compared to NaX. With the CaA zeolite, a very weak ion exchange with60Co2+ ions was observed.
Abstract
The sorption behavior of cobalt and cadmium by zeolite Y has been investigated. Cobalt and cadmium solutions were exchanged with the zeolite at different pH's. Cobalt, cadmium and sodium in the samples were determined by neutron activation analysis. The sorption of cadmium was higher than that of cobalt, however, the selectivity for both cations by the zeolite was low.
Abstract
Samples of the natural zeolites chabazite, clinoptilolite and a clinoptilolite-rich tuff, were loaded with the isotope 137Cs. Composites of these labeled materials were made with cement and blast furnace slag. Standard leaching experiments were carried out with synthetic sea, ground and "pond" waters, as well as distilled water. Rates of leaching were calculated and compared to similar systems.
Abstract
The influence of type of zeolite and the flow rate of solution through the column on the removal efficiency of radioactive cesium ions from solution has been investigated. The analysis of the change in the concentration of cesium ions in the solutions and distribution of cesium ions in the column fillings (granulated zeolites), after passing the solutions through the columns filled with various granulated zeolites (zeolite 4A, zeolite 13X, synthetic mordenite) was performed. On the basis of the results of this study, the conditions for the most efficient removal of cesium ions from solutions have been discussed.
Abstract
The sorption of radium, barium and mixture of both elements has been studied in the zeolites 3A, 5A and Y. The ratio zeolite; solution was 100 mg: 10 cm3 and the pH was 3. Carrier-free radium was completely retained in all studied zeolites. When 0.0016 meq of barium/cm3 were added, the sorption of radium decreased in the zeolite 5A only and when 0.014 meq of barium/cm3, the radium sorption was reduced in all the studied zeolites. The sorption of barium was similar to that of radium. The amounts of sodium and calcium removed from the zeolites and the proton quantity fixed to them allowed us propose the ion exchange mechaniosm. The changes and ionic radii of the species exchanged did not play an important role. However, the location of the ions in the crystalline network of each zeolite is probably an important parameter for the exchange.
Abstract
The pozzolanic reaction between natural zeolite tuffs, portlandite and water was investigated over the course of the early reaction period up to 3 days. Isothermal conduction calorimetry experiments supplemented by TG/DTG and XRD analyses assisted in the elucidation of the sequence of reaction processes taking place. The calorimetry experiments clearly showed the dependence of the pozzolanic reaction rate and associated heat release on the fineness of the zeolite tuff. Higher external surface areas of pozzolans yield higher total heat releases. Also the exchangeable cation content of the zeolites influences the reaction rate. Release of exchangeable alkalis into solution promotes the pozzolanic reaction by raising the pH and zeolite solubility. The appearance of an exotherm after approximately 3 h of reaction is more conspicuous when alkali-rich zeolites are reacted. This exotherm is conceived to be related to a transformation or rupture of initially formed reaction products covering the zeolite grains. The formation of substantial amounts of ‘stable’ calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) and calcium aluminate hydrate (C–A–H) reaction took place after an induction period of more than 6 h. The openness of the zeolite framework affects the proneness of the zeolite to dissolution and thus its reactivity. Open framework zeolites such as chabazite were observed to react much more rapidly than closed framework zeolites such as analcime.
Abstract
Co2+ ion exchange, at room temperature, from aqueous cobalt — sodium chloride solutions with NaY zeolite has been studied. The effect of contact time on the shape of the sorption curves of Co2+ using zeolite Y dehydrated at 600°C is similar to the one found in our previous work with a zeolite dehydrated at 150 °C. A fast sorption uptake is observed in which 1.8 meq of Na+ ions/g of zeolite are replaced by cobalt ions followed by a desorption process where the uptake decreases to 1.2 meq/g zeolite. The Co2+ sorption using zeolite Y dehydrated at 600 °C is increased when ethylenediamine solution is passed through the zeolite. The Co2+ sorption uptake, initially 2.0 meq/g, incrases to 2.8 meq/g of zeolite. This behavior is explained by the location and coordination of cobalt in zeolite Y sites. It is suggested that the highest uptake process is due to the blocking of zeolite sites by a Co complex compound.
