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at least pre-and post-measure. The majority (95%) came from Europe while the rest of the participants were from Asia (2.5%) and North America (2.5%). Their motivation for ayahuasca use included ‘understanding myself’ (34.2%), ‘solving issues’ (30

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contested Letheby’s attribution of epistemic benefits to psychedelic states, suggesting that the benefits in question seem “more motivational than epistemic” (p. 250). However, he offers no explicit argument for this claim. He also suggests that any self

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sessions with psilocybin (21–28 mg/70 kg) within a wider context of Motivational Enhancement Therapy led to significant increases in alcohol abstinence in problem drinkers, with results largely persisting to 36-week follow-up. MEQ scores (but also general

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, 96 , 57 – 72 . https://doi.org/10.1080/09652140020016969 . 10.1046/j.1360-0443.2001.961575.x Kavenská , V. , & Simonová , H. ( 2015 ). Ayahuasca tourism: Participants in shamanic rituals and their personality styles, motivation, benefits and

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the current literature that describes users' motivations and effects of microdosing, we find hints supporting the presence of a spiritual narrative in microdosing practice. For instance, Aronov (2019) describes the process through which eastern

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key aspect of their usage ( Metzner, 1998 ). Of a range of different motivations behind psychedelic usage, approaching the experience with an emotional intent or with a spiritual motivation have been associated with greater likelihood of mystical

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least one of the Purpose Freedom themes was N = 45, 22% of total coded responses. Three characteristics of this factor were notable. First, participants expressed motivation to make a conscious effort toward positive life changes and self

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Odenwald , M. , & Semrau , P. ( 2013 ). Dropout among patients in qualified alcohol detoxification treatment: The effect of treatment motivation is moderated by trauma load

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also be partly due to changes in affective processing, with psilocybin enhancing motivation towards positive cues ( Kometer et al., 2012 ) while decreasing amygdala activity in response to negative facial expressions ( Barrett, Doss, Sepeda, Pekar

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experience fractious working relationships, lack workplace motivation, or work at a level deemed “below expected,” you may score high on its mental illness assessment scale—called the Global Assessment of Functioning scale (GAF)—which increases the likelihood

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