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Abstract
Objective and Method
Electronic gambling machines are a prominent cause of significant gambling harms globally. We use simulations of a simplified video poker game to show how changes in game volatility, defined primarily by the size of the main prize, affect patterns of wins and losses as well as winning streaks.
Results
We found that in low- and medium volatility games the proportion of winning players quickly drops to zero after about 30 h of play, while in the high volatility game 5% of players are still winning after playing for 100 h. However, the proportion of winning streaks was significantly higher in the low- and medium volatility games compared with high volatility: the simulated players were on a winning streak about 26.3, 25.6 and 18% of the time in the low-, medium- and high volatility games, respectively.
Conclusions
Fast-paced video poker with varying volatility levels but identical return-to-player rates and win frequencies can yield highly different result patterns across individuals. These patterns may be counter-intuitive for players and difficult to realize without simulations and visualizations. We argue that the findings have relevance for responsible gambling communication and for building a better understanding of how cognitive biases influence gambling behaviour.
In rotaviruses, intragenic recombination or gene rearrangement occurs almost exclusively in the genome segments encoding for non-structural proteins. Rearranged RNA originates by mechanisms of partial sequence duplications and deletions or insertions of non-templated nucleotides. Of interest, epidemiological investigations have pointed out an unusual bias to rearrangements in genome segment 11, notably in rotavirus strains of lapine origin, as evidenced by the detection of numerous lapine strains with super-short genomic electropherotype. The sequence of the full-length genome segment 11 of two lapine strains with super-short electropherotype, LRV-4 and 3489/3, was determined and compared with rearranged and normal cognate genome segments of lapine rotaviruses. The rearranged genome segments contained head-to-tail partial duplications at the 3′ end of the main ORF encoding NSP5. Unlike the strains Alabama and B4106, intermingled stretches of non-templated sequences were not present in the accessory RNA of LRV-4 and 3489/3, while multiple deletions were mapped, suggesting the lack of functional constraints. Altogether, these findings suggest that independent rearrangement events have given origin to the various lapine strains that have super-short genome pattern.
A gondozás hatása a családi gondozók érzelmi jóllétére és egészségére.
Állapotfelmérés a COPE Index alapján
The impact of caregiving on the emotional well-being and health of family caregivers.
A condition assessment based on the COPE Index
Post D, van Agteren J, Kasai D, et al. Caring for carers: Understanding the physical and psychological well-being of carers of veterans in Australia. Health Soc Care Community 2022, 30: e793–e803
A társas helyzetben tapasztalt flow-élmény kapcsolata az élettel való elégedettséggel és a pszichológiai jólléttel, fiatal felnőtteknél
Experiencing flow in social activities and its relationship with satisfaction with life and psychological wellbeing, in the sample of young adults
, Subjective Well-being and Life Goals . Psihologijske Teme , 22 ( 1 ), 135 – 153 . Bakker , A.B. ( 2005 ). Flow among music teachers and their students: The crossover of peak
. 2003 25 492 496 Lee, R. L., Loke, A. J.: Health-promoting behaviors and psychosocial well-being of
flexibility PF includes the processes and behaviors linked with being “open, aware, and active” ( Vlaeyen, 2014 , p. 235) and is positively associated with greater well-being ( Arslan & Allen, 2022 ; Davis, Barrett, & Griffiths, 2020 ). PF has been defined in
Shanafelt, T. D., Sloan, J. A., Habermann, T. M.: The well-being of physicians. Am. J. Med., 2003, 114 , 513–519. Habermann T. M. The well-being of physicians
Abstract
Background
Electronic gaming machines (EGMs) are one of the most harmful forms of gambling at an individual level. It is unclear whether restriction of EGM functions and accessibility results in meaningful reductions in population-level gambling harm.
Methods
A natural policy experiment using a large (N = 15,000) national dataset weighted to standard population variables was employed to compare estimates of gambling problems between Australian residents in Western Australia (WA), where EGMs are restricted to one venue and have different structural features, to residents in other Australian jurisdictions where EGMs are widely accessible in casinos, hotels and clubs. Accessibility of other gambling forms is similar across jurisdictions.
Results
Gambling participation was higher in WA, but EGM participation was approximately half that of the rest of Australia. Aggregate gambling problems and harm were about one-third lower in WA, and self-reported attribution of harm from EGMs by gamblers and affected others was 2.7× and 4× lower, respectively. Mediation analyses found that less frequent EGM use in WA accounted for the vast majority of the discrepancy in gambling problems (indirect path = −0.055, 95% CI −0.071; −0.038). Moderation analyses found that EGMs are the form most strongly associated with problems, and the strength of this relationship did not differ significantly across jurisdictions.
Discussion
Lower harm from gambling in WA is attributable to restricted accessibility of EGMs, rather than different structural features. There appears to be little transfer of problems to other gambling forms. These results suggest that restricting the accessibility of EGMs substantially reduces gambling harm.
A Spirituális Egészségés Életorientáció Kérdőív (SHALOM) magyar nyelvű adaptációja és pszichometriai elemzése
Adaptation and psychometric analysis of the Hungarian version of the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM)
(Ten) Well-Being Index: validation in diabetes . Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics , 65 , 183 – 190 . Bentler , P. M . ( 1990 ). Comparative fit indexes in structural models . Psychological Bulletin , 88 , 588 – 606 . Biglari Abhari , M
A cardiovascularis rizikóbecslés és az egészségmagatartás kapcsolata pszichoszociális tényezők tükrében.
A Budakalász Epidemiológiai Vizsgálat utánkövetése
Relationship between cardiovascular risk assessment and health behavior in the light of psychosocial factors.
Follow-up of the Budakalász Epidemiological Study
short (5-item) version of the WHO Well-Being Scale based on a Hungarian representative health survey (Hungarostudy 2002.). [A WHO Jól-lét Kérdőív Rövidített (WBI-5) Magyar Változatának validálása a HUNGAROSTUDY
